<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[DTI]]></title><description><![CDATA[Unbiased market analysis, level-headed research, cutting-edge macro insights]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RG2Y!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3465e26e-8bb9-4e40-a95c-4e2b9ad36201_1024x1024.png</url><title>DTI</title><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 10:39:03 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[www.daxtradingideas.com]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[daxtradingideas@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[daxtradingideas@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[daxtradingideas@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[daxtradingideas@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[The Addiction Machine]]></title><description><![CDATA[3 steps to avoid having your attention constantly stolen, protecting your time (and your money)]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-addiction-machine</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-addiction-machine</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 05:31:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/014e6e36-f47a-4409-9aa1-c3c7eefef87d_1536x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h6><em>Inspired by Gurwinder titled &#8220;How Social Media Shorts Your Life&#8221;</em></h6><p>If I asked an investor what their most valuable asset is, would probably tell me it&#8217;s money. Someone else might say knowledge, others discipline, patience or the ability to withstand volatility. These are all reasonable answers, but in my opinion, none of them is correct. <strong>The most valuable resource we have is time</strong>, not money, not even wealth or skills. Time. I&#8217;ve been talking about this for a long time on this blog and I like to emphasize it every time.</p><p>Money can be recovered, a loss can be offset, a bad investment can be corrected and even a career can be rebuilt after a failure. It&#8217;s a clich&#233;, but time, once gone, never comes back. Yet we live in a fancy age in which we have become extremely sensitive about protecting our personal data, passwords, bank accounts and privacy, while <strong>we have developed an extraordinary tolerance for systematic theft of our attention.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1246123,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/201059259?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F_Yl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe41e7caa-28af-4ab7-bd78-621ce4ab543d_5472x3648.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h6><em>Ispirato da un post di Gurwinder intitolato &#171;Come i social media accorciano la vita&#187;</em></h6><p>Se chiedessi a un investitore quale sia la risorsa pi&#249; preziosa che possiede, probabilmente mi parlerebbe del capitale. Qualcun altro potrebbe rispondere la conoscenza, altri citerebbero la disciplina, la pazienza o la capacit&#224; di sopportare la volatilit&#224;. Sono tutte risposte ragionevoli ma, a mio parere, nessuna &#232; corretta. <strong>La risorsa pi&#249; preziosa che possediamo &#232; il tempo</strong>, non il denaro, nemmeno il patrimonio o le competenze. Il tempo. Ne parlo da tanto in questo blog e ogni volta mi piace rimarcarlo.</p><p>Il denaro pu&#242; essere recuperato, una perdita pu&#242; essere compensata, un investimento sbagliato pu&#242; essere corretto, persino una carriera pu&#242; essere ricostruita dopo un fallimento. Frase banale ma il tempo, una volta trascorso, non torna pi&#249;. Eppure viviamo in un&#8217;epoca paradossale nella quale siamo diventati estremamente sensibili alla protezione dei nostri dati personali, delle nostre password, dei nostri conti correnti e della nostra privacy, mentre <strong>abbiamo sviluppato una straordinaria tolleranza verso il furto sistematico della nostra attenzione.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h4>All eyes on you</h4><p>Digital platforms have built business models worth trillions of dollars: officially, they sell advertising; in reality buy and resell human attention. Attention is the raw material and we are unwitting suppliers but so far, there&#8217;s nothing particularly original about that. We&#8217;ve been hearing about the attention economy for years. But there is a far more disturbing aspect that is rarely discussed: social networks don&#8217;t merely consume our time, but modify the way we perceive it. In other words, they don&#8217;t just steal hours from our day, even manage to make us forget we ever had them.</p><p>Anyone who has used Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, X or YouTube knows this feeling all too well: we open the app intending to check a notification or quickly read an update; a few minutes pass, then ten, twenty, forty; at some point we look up and discover nearly an hour has gone by and don&#8217;t remember exactly what we saw. We don&#8217;t even remember why we opened the app; only know time has vanished.</p><p>This experience is so common it has become normal, but just because it is normal doesn&#8217;t mean it is harmless. To understand what is happening, we must start with a seemingly simple question: what is time? The intuitive answer is that time is something objective, a regular succession of seconds, minutes, and hours. In reality, our experience of time is deeply subjective. Two hours can seem like an eternity or vanish in an instant; a week can seem endless or dissolve without a trace. Our perception of time depends above all on memory. <strong>When we look back on our past, we judge the duration of a period based on the number of memories it contains:</strong> the more memories we have, the longer period seems to us. The fewer memories we have, the shorter it appears.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DCJQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc691adcf-1a65-4767-81d3-0d6607bea39b_6000x4000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Tutti gli occhi su di te</h4><p>Le grandi piattaforme digitali hanno costruito modelli di business che valgono migliaia di miliardi di dollari: ufficialmente vendono pubblicit&#224;, in realt&#224; comprano e rivendono attenzione umana. L&#8217;attenzione &#232; la materia prima e noi siamo i fornitori inconsapevoli, ma fin qui non c&#8217;&#232; nulla di particolarmente originale. Da anni sentiamo parlare di economia dell&#8217;attenzione. Ma c&#8217;&#232; un aspetto molto pi&#249; inquietante che raramente viene discusso, ovvero che i social network non si limitano a consumare il nostro tempo, bens&#236; alterano il modo in cui lo percepiamo. In altre parole, non ci rubano soltanto ore della nostra giornata, riescono addirittura a farci dimenticare di averle possedute.</p><p>Chiunque abbia utilizzato Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, X o YouTube conosce perfettamente questa sensazione: apriamo l&#8217;applicazione con l&#8217;intenzione di controllare una notifica o leggere rapidamente un aggiornamento, passano pochi minuti, poi dieci, poi venti, poi quaranta; a un certo punto alziamo lo sguardo e scopriamo che &#232; trascorsa quasi un&#8217;ora e non ricordiamo esattamente cosa abbiamo visto. Non ricordiamo nemmeno perch&#233; abbiamo aperto l&#8217;applicazione, sappiamo soltanto che il tempo &#232; sparito.</p><p>Questa esperienza &#232; talmente comune da essere diventata normale, ma il fatto che sia normale non significa che sia innocua. Per comprendere cosa sta accadendo dobbiamo partire da una domanda apparentemente semplice: che cos&#8217;&#232; il tempo? La risposta intuitiva &#232; che il tempo sia qualcosa di oggettivo, una successione regolare di secondi, minuti e ore. In realt&#224; la nostra esperienza del tempo &#232; profondamente soggettiva. Due ore possono sembrare eterne oppure svanire in un istante, una settimana pu&#242; apparire infinita oppure dissolversi senza lasciare traccia. La percezione del tempo dipende soprattutto dalla memoria. <strong>Quando ripensiamo al nostro passato, giudichiamo la durata di un periodo in base alla quantit&#224; di ricordi che esso contiene</strong>: pi&#249; ricordi abbiamo, pi&#249; quel periodo ci sembra lungo. Meno ricordi abbiamo, pi&#249; appare breve.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Instant gratification through compulsive scrolling</h4><p>Think about vacations. During a vacation, time often seems to fly by. We&#8217;re immersed in new experiences, new places, new people and we&#8217;re not constantly checking the clock. Yet, when we return home and look back on that week, it seems surprisingly long. The reason is simple: we&#8217;ve built up a wealth of memories. Now compare same week to seven days spent between work, notifications, compulsive scrolling and routine. When you try to recall them, they often seem like a single indistinct mass, there are no points of reference, no memorable events, no stories.</p><p><strong>Social media are machines designed to produce amnesia.</strong> It may seem like an extreme statement, but let&#8217;s try a little thought experiment. Try to remember what you saw yesterday on social media. I don&#8217;t mean the general theme; I mean specific content. What was the first video? Third? Tenth? What image appeared after that one? What post did you see twenty minutes later? Your memory is probably extremely fuzzy, yet you may have spent a whole hour consuming that content. Instead, try to recall a good book you&#8217;ve read in recent years, or a movie made an impression on you, or a particularly meaningful trip. The details will come to mind much more easily.</p><p>The difference isn&#8217;t random:<strong> lived experiences are remembered; feeds are forgotten.</strong> A story has a beginning, a middle, and an end and every event is connected to the one before it; every step generates meaning. Our brains are wired to memorize narrative structures, whereas a social media feed is the exact opposite. One second we&#8217;re watching a cooking video, the next a geopolitical news story pops up, then an ad, a cat, a financial crisis, a joke, then a tragedy or a dance. No element is connected to the previous one: there is no continuity, context, or plot. It&#8217;s like trying to read a novel during a storm, while someone keeps tearing out the pages and replacing them with pages from other books.</p><p>Result is that the brain struggles to form memories and as memory weakens, our perception of time also shrinks. This phenomenon should be of particular interest to investors. <strong>Financial markets reward the long term and building wealth requires patience.</strong> Compound interest takes decades and the best financial decisions often seem tedious in the short term and extraordinary in the long. Social media, on the other hand, trains the mind in the opposite direction: every piece of content lasts just a few seconds; it must be immediate, intense and delivered instantly.</p><p>In other words, digital platforms train us to live in the very short term. We think we use social media for just a few minutes a day, but in reality, we&#8217;re letting them shape our relationship with time. <strong>Someone used to instant gratification will find it increasingly difficult to wait for the results of an investment.</strong> Someone who constantly checks notifications and updates will be more likely to react emotionally to market fluctuations. Yet another, immersed in a constant stream of stimuli, will gradually lose the ability to focus on processes take years. It is no coincidence that many investors know the theory perfectly but fail in practice. They know should stay the course, ignore the noise and think long-term, but they live immersed in an environment designed to make doing these things nearly impossible.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1444539,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/201059259?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6NR8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F849e4fa4-c73f-446a-9f1b-fffcb18fbb2e_5846x3897.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Gratificazione immediata nello scrolling compulsivo</h4><p>Pensate alle vacanze. Durante una vacanza il tempo sembra spesso scorrere velocemente. Siamo immersi in nuove esperienze, nuovi luoghi, nuove persone e non controlliamo continuamente l&#8217;orologio. Eppure, quando torniamo a casa e ripensiamo a quella settimana, essa appare sorprendentemente lunga. La ragione &#232; semplice: abbiamo costruito una grande quantit&#224; di ricordi. Adesso confrontate quella stessa settimana con sette giorni trascorsi tra lavoro, notifiche, scroll compulsivo e routine. Quando provate a ricordarli, spesso sembrano un&#8217;unica massa indistinta, non esistono punti di riferimento, non esistono eventi memorabili, non esistono storie.</p><p><strong>I social media sono macchine progettate per produrre amnesia.</strong> Pu&#242; sembrare un&#8217;affermazione estrema, ma proviamo a fare un piccolo esperimento mentale. Cercate di ricordare cosa avete visto ieri sui social network. Non intendo il tema generale, intendo i contenuti specifici. Qual era il primo video? Quale il terzo? Quale il decimo? Quale immagine vi &#232; apparsa dopo quella? Quale post avete visto venti minuti dopo? Probabilmente il ricordo &#232; estremamente confuso, eppure magari avete trascorso un&#8217;ora intera a consumare quei contenuti. Provate invece a ricordare un buon libro letto negli ultimi anni, oppure un film che vi ha colpito o un viaggio particolarmente significativo. I dettagli emergeranno con molta pi&#249; facilit&#224;.</p><p>La differenza non &#232; casuale: <strong>le storie vissute si ricordano, i feed si dimenticano.</strong> Una storia possiede un inizio, uno sviluppo e una conclusione e ogni evento &#232; collegato al precedente, ogni passaggio genera significato. Il nostro cervello &#232; costruito per memorizzare strutture narrative, mentre un feed social &#232; l&#8217;esatto contrario. Un secondo stiamo osservando un video di cucina, il momento successivo compare una notizia geopolitica, poi una pubblicit&#224;, poi un gatto, poi una crisi finanziaria, poi una battuta, poi una tragedia o una danza. Nessun elemento &#232; collegato al precedente: non esiste continuit&#224;, contesto e una trama. &#200; come tentare di leggere un romanzo durante una tempesta, mentre qualcuno continua a strappare le pagine e sostituirle con pagine provenienti da altri libri.</p><p>Il risultato &#232; che il cervello fatica a costruire memoria e quando la memoria si indebolisce anche la percezione del tempo si contrae. Questo fenomeno dovrebbe interessare particolarmente chi investe. <strong>I mercati finanziari premiano il lungo termine e la costruzione della ricchezza richiede pazienza.</strong> Gli interessi composti hanno bisogno di decenni e le migliori decisioni finanziarie spesso appaiono noiose nel breve periodo e straordinarie nel lungo. I social media, invece, allenano la mente nella direzione opposta: ogni contenuto dura pochi secondi, deve essere immediato, intenso e deve arrivare subito.</p><p>In altre parole, le piattaforme digitali ci addestrano a vivere nel brevissimo termine. Pensiamo di utilizzare i social per pochi minuti al giorno, in realt&#224; stiamo permettendo loro di modellare il nostro rapporto con il tempo. <strong>Un individuo abituato alla gratificazione immediata trover&#224; sempre pi&#249; difficile attendere i risultati di un investimento</strong>. Un altro che controlla continuamente notifiche e aggiornamenti sar&#224; pi&#249; incline a reagire emotivamente alle oscillazioni di mercato. Un altro ancora immerso in un flusso costante di stimoli perder&#224; progressivamente la capacit&#224; di concentrarsi su processi che richiedono anni. Non &#232; un caso che molti investitori conoscano perfettamente la teoria ma falliscano nella pratica. Sanno che dovrebbero mantenere la rotta, ignorare il rumore e ragionare sul lungo periodo, ma vivono immersi in un ambiente progettato per rendere quasi impossibile fare queste cose.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Endless rooms</h4><p>To understand just how thoroughly this situation has been studied, you need only look at the casinos. In the 1970s, some design experts began studying how to keep players inside gaming halls for as long as possible. They discovered <strong>the main goal was to prevent people from becoming aware of time had passed.</strong> Thus, environments without windows or clocks were created, pathways were made winding and exits were made difficult to locate. Every element was designed to keep the visitor in an almost automatic state. Digital platforms have perfected these principles: infinite scrolling is the modern equivalent of the endless corridor, autoplay is the digital version of slot machine lights and notifications are constant reminders inviting us back into the system.</p><p>The fundamental difference is that casino requires a physical trip, whereas the smartphone lives permanently in our pocket. <strong>For the first time in human history, we have created a technology capable of interrupting any moment of the day</strong>, while we work, read, eat, or spend time with our families. Even when we think (sometimes they think for us) and every notification creates a rupture in the continuity of the experience.</p><p>The result is that we&#8217;re not just spending too much time online, but we&#8217;re starting to live offline in the same easyl way we scroll through a feed. We jump rapidly from stimulus to another, thought, activity, from worry to another, without lingering long enough on anything to turn it into a memory. This might be one of the most compelling explanations for the feeling that so many people describe after turning thirty: the years seem to speed up. The seasons pass ever more quickly and Christmas seems to come around every few months.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Svf_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa88ff875-5fad-4865-9f12-b74dc9d9e2ea_6720x4480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Stanze senza fine</h4><p>Per comprendere quanto questa situazione sia stata studiata nei minimi dettagli bisogna osservare il mondo dei casin&#242;. Negli anni Settanta alcuni esperti di progettazione iniziarono a studiare come mantenere i giocatori il pi&#249; a lungo possibile all&#8217;interno delle sale da gioco. Scoprirono che <strong>l&#8217;obiettivo principale era impedire alle persone di diventare consapevoli del tempo trascorso.</strong> Nacquero cos&#236; ambienti privi di finestre e privi di orologi, i percorsi vennero resi tortuosi e le uscite difficili da individuare. Ogni elemento era progettato per mantenere il visitatore in uno stato quasi automatico. Le piattaforme digitali hanno perfezionato questi principi: lo scroll infinito &#232; l&#8217;equivalente moderno del corridoio senza fine, l&#8217;autoplay &#232; la versione digitale delle luci delle slot machine le notifiche sono richiami costanti che ci invitano a rientrare nel sistema.</p><p>La differenza fondamentale &#232; che il casin&#242; richiede uno spostamento fisico, lo smartphone invece, vive permanentemente nella nostra tasca. <strong>Per la prima volta nella storia umana abbiamo creato una tecnologia capace di interrompere qualunque momento della giornata.</strong> Mentre lavoriamo, leggiamo, mangiamo, siamo con la nostra famiglia. Addirittura quando pensiamo (a volte pensano al posto nostro) e ogni notifica crea una frattura nella continuit&#224; dell&#8217;esperienza.</p><p>Il risultato &#232; che non stiamo semplicemente trascorrendo troppo tempo online, ma stiamo iniziando a vivere offline nello stesso modo superficiale con cui scorriamo un feed. Saltiamo rapidamente da uno stimolo all&#8217;altro, da un pensiero all&#8217;altro, da un&#8217;attivit&#224; all&#8217;altra, da una preoccupazione all&#8217;altra, senza soffermarci abbastanza a lungo su nulla da trasformarlo in memoria. Questa potrebbe essere una delle spiegazioni pi&#249; convincenti della sensazione che moltissime persone descrivono dopo i trent&#8217;anni: gli anni sembrano accelerare. Le stagioni scorrono sempre pi&#249; rapidamente e Natale sembra arrivare ogni pochi mesi.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Three steps out of the tunnel</h4><p>We usually blame this on age, but it might not just be a biological issue. Perhaps we&#8217;re having fewer and fewer truly memorable experiences. Perhaps our lives contain less events capable of leaving a lasting impression, or perhaps we&#8217;re not just getting older; we&#8217;re forgetting. After this reality check, inspired by concepts that hint at a global mental conspiracy, after all this bad news, there is some good news, very good news. This process can be reversed, not necessarily by completely eliminating technology.  For most people, would be an unrealistic solution; rather, by learning to use digital tools without letting them use us.</p><p><strong>First step is to reclaim intentionality:</strong> every time we pick up our phone, we should know exactly why we&#8217;re doing it. If there&#8217;s no specific reason, we&#8217;re likely acting out of habit and unconscious habits are fertile ground on which all attention economies thrive.</p><p><strong>Second step is to prioritize narrative experiences over fragments of information:</strong> reading a book instead of consuming a hundred posts, watching a documentary instead of twenty unrelated videos, delving into a topic instead of constantly jumping between different subjects. In this way, stories slow down time because they build memory.</p><p><strong>Third step is to deliberately seek out novelty</strong>: the mind registers what is new with greater intensity than what is familiar. Radical changes aren&#8217;t necessary; simply taking a different path can suffice: visiting a place you&#8217;ve never seen, learning a new skill, meeting new people. Even small variations in routine can generate richer memories and make life feel subjectively longer.</p><p>We must remember a truth that is as simple as it is uncomfortable: the ultimate goal of wealth is not to accumulate money. The goal of wealth is to gain freedom over one&#8217;s time, but if we lose control of our attention, we risk acquiring wealth without obtaining what wealth is supposed to buy. We may reach retirement with a perfectly constructed portfolio and realize the last twenty years have slipped by like an endless scroll. We can accumulate capital while squandering experiences or protect our money while leaving our time unprotected, yet time is the only capital truly cannot be replenished.</p><p>Every day that passes represents a portion of the most precious asset we possess. A portion that cannot be bought, recovered or refinanced. We spend a great deal of time optimizing our investments, comparing ETFs, searching for the best fund, strategy and best return. These are important activities, but they drain our lives without us really noticing. I leave you with an even more important question we rarely ask ourselves: how are we investing our hours?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2353343,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/201059259?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5q-A!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6cd138fb-f716-438b-881e-cfd4bfc0461e_3749x2499.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>I tre passi fuori dal tunnel</strong></h4><p>Generalmente attribuiamo il fenomeno all&#8217;et&#224; ma potrebbe non essere soltanto una questione biologica. Forse stiamo vivendo sempre meno esperienze realmente memorabili. Forse la nostra vita contiene sempre meno eventi capaci di lasciare tracce profonde o forse non stiamo soltanto invecchiando, stiamo dimenticando. Dopo questo bagno di realt&#224;, ispirato da concetti che rimandano al complotto mentale mondiale, dopo tutte questa cattive notizie, c&#8217;&#232; n&#8217;&#232; una buona, buonissima a dire il vero. Questo processo pu&#242; essere invertito, non necessariamente eliminando completamente la tecnologia. Sarebbe una soluzione poco realistica per la maggior parte delle persone, piuttosto imparando a utilizzare gli strumenti digitali senza permettere loro di utilizzare noi.</p><p><strong>Il primo passo consiste nel recuperare intenzionalit&#224;:</strong> ogni volta che prendiamo in mano il telefono dovremmo sapere esattamente perch&#233; lo stiamo facendo: se non esiste una ragione precisa, probabilmente stiamo agendo per abitudine e le abitudini inconsapevoli sono il terreno sul quale prosperano tutte le economie dell&#8217;attenzione.</p><p><strong>Il secondo passo consiste nel privilegiare le esperienze narrative rispetto ai frammenti informativi:</strong> leggere un libro anzich&#233; consumare cento post, guardare un documentario anzich&#233; venti video scollegati, approfondire un tema anzich&#233; saltare continuamente tra argomenti diversi. In questo modo, le storie rallentano il tempo perch&#233; costruiscono memoria.</p><p><strong>Il terzo passo consiste nel ricercare deliberatamente la novit&#224;:</strong> la mente registra con maggiore intensit&#224; ci&#242; che &#232; nuovo rispetto a ci&#242; che &#232; familiare. Non servono cambiamenti radicali, pu&#242; bastare percorrere una strada diversa: visitare un luogo mai visto, imparare una nuova competenza, conoscere persone nuove. Persino piccole variazioni nella routine possono generare ricordi pi&#249; ricchi e rendere la vita soggettivamente pi&#249; lunga.</p><p>Occorre ricordare una verit&#224; tanto semplice quanto scomoda: l&#8217;obiettivo finale della ricchezza non &#232; accumulare denaro. L&#8217;obiettivo della ricchezza &#232; acquistare libert&#224; sul proprio tempo, ma se perdiamo il controllo della nostra attenzione, rischiamo di ottenere il patrimonio senza ottenere ci&#242; che il patrimonio dovrebbe comprare. Possiamo arrivare alla pensione con un portafoglio perfettamente costruito e renderci conto che gli ultimi vent&#8217;anni sono passati come uno scroll infinito. Possiamo accumulare capitale mentre disperdiamo esperienze, oppure proteggere il nostro denaro e lasciare indifeso il nostro tempo, eppure il tempo &#232; l&#8217;unico capitale veramente non re-integrabile.</p><p>Ogni giorno che passa rappresenta una quota del patrimonio pi&#249; prezioso che possediamo. Una quota che non pu&#242; essere acquistata, recuperata o rifinanziata. Passiamo moltissimo tempo a ottimizzare i nostri investimenti, a confrontare ETF, a cercare il miglior fondo, la migliore strategia e il miglior rendimento possibile. Sono attivit&#224; importanti che per&#242; svuotano la nostra vita senza che ce ne accorgiamo realmente. Vi lascio con una domanda ancora pi&#249; importante che raramente ci poniamo: come stiamo investendo le nostre ore?</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Too late to Buy, Too early to Short]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why the cost of waiting erodes returns as markets continue to hit new all-time highs]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/too-late-to-buy-too-early-to-short</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/too-late-to-buy-too-early-to-short</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 19:01:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9dc05f20-7be8-461f-a209-835428370543_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is a feeling shared by every investor, regardless of experience, capital or level of technical expertise: <strong>the constant sense of arriving too late.</strong> It is a thought inevitably surfaces whenever markets are at all-time highs, when markets keep breaking records and general impression is that we are facing something &#171;can&#8217;t last much longer&#187;. It is an extremely human, almost instinctive perception, because our brains are naturally inclined to view any prolonged movement as something destined, sooner or later, to revert to the mean. The problem is that financial markets, especially stocks, don&#8217;t operate according to <strong>the psychological concept of normality</strong> we use in everyday life.</p><p>A stock index is not a static entity; it is not a fixed asset over time, nor is it merely a snapshot of the economy at a specific historical moment. Instead, it is a dynamic, ever-changing entity, driven by nominal growth of the global economy, monetary expansion, rising productivity, technological innovation and above all, capitalism&#8217;s ability to continually adapt to the crises it faces. And this is exactly where one of the modern investor&#8217;s most costly mistakes arises.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg" width="1171" height="605" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:605,&quot;width&quot;:1171,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:339345,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/199706143?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p63P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F114f2be1-146e-48ac-b08b-b4ac21d63afc_1171x605.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Historical price chart for S&amp;P500 | Fed Prime Rate</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Esiste una sensazione che accomuna praticamente ogni investitore, indipendentemente dall&#8217;esperienza, dal capitale o dal livello di preparazione tecnica: <strong>la sensazione costante di essere arrivati troppo tardi.</strong> &#200; un pensiero che emerge puntualmente ogni volta che i mercati si trovano sui massimi storici, quando gli indici continuano a macinare record e l&#8217;impressione generale diventa quella di trovarsi davanti a qualcosa che &#171;non pu&#242; durare ancora a lungo&#187;. &#200; una percezione estremamente umana, quasi istintiva, perch&#233; il nostro cervello &#232; naturalmente portato a considerare ogni movimento eccessivamente esteso come qualcosa destinato prima o poi a ritornare verso la media. Il problema &#232; che i mercati finanziari, soprattutto quelli azionari, non ragionano secondo <strong>il concetto psicologico di normalit&#224;</strong> che utilizziamo nella vita quotidiana.</p><p>Un indice azionario non &#232; un oggetto statico, non &#232; un bene immobile nel tempo e non &#232; nemmeno una semplice fotografia dell&#8217;economia in un preciso momento storico: &#232; invece un qualcosa di dinamico, in continua trasformazione, alimentato dalla crescita nominale dell&#8217;economia globale, dall&#8217;espansione monetaria, dall&#8217;incremento della produttivit&#224;, dall&#8217;innovazione tecnologica e soprattutto dalla capacit&#224; del capitalismo di adattarsi continuamente alle crisi che esso stesso attraversa. Ed &#232; proprio qui che nasce uno degli errori pi&#249; costosi dell&#8217;investitore moderno.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The cost of waiting</h4><p>When markets rise too high, average investor stops thinking in terms of probabilities and starts thinking in terms of emotions. They look at the S&amp;P500 chart, see a line appears too steep, read about high multiples, hear constant talk of euphoria, speculative bubbles, Artificial Intelligence, concentration of returns and valuations spiraling out of control and slowly <strong>come to believe entering the market at that moment would inevitably mean exposing themselves to an imminent crash.</strong></p><p>The result is that they stand still, wait, and put it off. They convince themselves it is wiser to wait for a 10% correction, perhaps 20%, maybe even 30%, because after all, &#171;it will come sooner or later&#187;. Meanwhile, market continues to rise and as it does, psychological unease of those who stayed on the sidelines also grows, because at that point the problem is no longer just the fear of losing money by entering too late, but also the frustration of seeing market move in the expected direction without having taken part in it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png" width="458" height="506" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1PWK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b1cbf00-49fc-4454-b332-cb3bf4a8d245_458x506.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>It&#8217;s always a time of all-time highs | Charlie Bilello</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il costo dell&#8217;attesa</h4><p>Quando i mercati salgono troppo, l&#8217;investitore medio smette di ragionare in termini probabilistici e inizia a ragionare in termini emotivi. Guarda il grafico dell&#8217;S&amp;P500, vede una linea apparentemente troppo verticale, legge multipli elevati, sente parlare continuamente di euforia, di bolle speculative, di Intelligenza Artificiale, di concentrazione dei rendimenti, di valutazioni fuori controllo e lentamente <strong>sviluppa la convinzione che entrare in quel momento significhi necessariamente esporsi a un crollo imminente.</strong></p><p>Il risultato &#232; che rimane fermo, aspetta, rimanda. Convince s&#233; stesso che sia pi&#249; prudente attendere una correzione del 10%, magari del 20%, forse addirittura del 30%, perch&#233; in fondo &#171;prima o poi arriver&#224;&#187;. Nel frattempo il mercato continua a salire, e mentre lo fa, cresce anche il disagio psicologico di chi &#232; rimasto fuori, perch&#233; a quel punto il problema non &#232; pi&#249; soltanto la paura di perdere denaro entrando troppo tardi, ma diventa anche la frustrazione di vedere il mercato andare nella direzione prevista senza averne preso parte.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Just a little bit of market history</h4><p>This pattern has repeated itself cyclically for over a century. In 1995, many investors were convinced that Wall Street was now overvalued. In 1996, Alan Greenspan spoke openly of <strong>&#171;irrational exuberance&#187;</strong>, suggesting markets had reached levels were excessive relative to fundamentals. In 1998, after years of uninterrupted gains, consensus was already beginning to describe the U.S. market as a giant bubble ready to burst. Yet, from that point until its peak in 2000, Nasdaq would still multiply its value in an impressive manner.</p><p>The exact same pattern repeated itself in the period following the 2008 crisis. In 2013, many investors considered S&amp;P500 too expensive because it had already doubled from the lows of the financial crisis. In 2015, there was constant talk of the end of the cycle. In 2017, market seemed to be rising without volatility and this was interpreted as a clear sign of an imminent collapse. In 2021, the dominant theme was post-pandemic speculative excess. In 2024 and 2025, debate shifted to the concentration of tech mega-caps and risk that the entire U.S. market had become dependent on a few companies tied to artificial intelligence. But central point remains the same: in most cases, market continues to rise for much longer than investors believe possible.</p><p>This happens for an extremely simple reason that is, however, often overlooked: <strong>stock markets spend most of their time near all-time highs.</strong> It is not an anomaly; it is their natural state. If an index grows on average over time, then it is inevitable it will continue to hit new highs with great frequency. And indeed, looking at the history of S&amp;P500, it is clear a huge percentage of trading sessions fall within a few percentage points of previous all-time highs. This means that constantly waiting for &#171;the right moment&#187; very often amounts to building a strategy based on a lack of exposure. And absence of exposure, in the long run, is one of the most insidious forms of wealth destruction, because it doesn&#8217;t produce obvious losses but something even more dangerous: opportunity cost.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg" width="936" height="454" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:454,&quot;width&quot;:936,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:33353,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/199706143?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nh9Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1bfbb58-ebe3-4fc2-91df-699d0e0635c5_936x454.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>S&amp;P500&#8217;s CAPE ratio is almost certainly going to reach a new ATH soon</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Un breve excursus sulla storia dei mercati</h4><p>Questa dinamica si ripete ciclicamente da oltre un secolo. Nel 1995 moltissimi investitori erano convinti che Wall Street fosse ormai sopravvalutata. Nel 1996 Alan Greenspan parl&#242; apertamente di <strong>&#171;</strong><em><strong>irrational exuberance</strong></em><strong>&#187;</strong>, lasciando intendere che i mercati avessero raggiunto livelli eccessivi rispetto ai fondamentali. Nel 1998, dopo anni di rialzi praticamente ininterrotti, il consenso iniziava gi&#224; a descrivere il mercato americano come una gigantesca bolla pronta a esplodere. Eppure, da quel momento fino al picco del 2000, il Nasdaq avrebbe ancora moltiplicato il proprio valore in maniera impressionante.</p><p>Lo stesso identico schema si &#232; ripetuto nel periodo successivo alla crisi del 2008. Nel 2013 moltissimi investitori consideravano l&#8217;S&amp;P500 troppo caro perch&#233; era gi&#224; raddoppiato dai minimi della crisi finanziaria. Nel 2015 si parlava continuamente di fine ciclo. Nel 2017 il mercato sembrava salire senza volatilit&#224; e questo veniva interpretato come un chiaro segnale di imminente collasso. Nel 2021 il tema dominante era l&#8217;eccesso speculativo post-pandemia. Nel 2024 e nel 2025 il dibattito si &#232; spostato sulla concentrazione delle mega cap tecnologiche e sul rischio che l&#8217;intero mercato americano fosse diventato dipendente da poche aziende legate all&#8217;intelligenza artificiale. Ma il punto centrale rimane sempre lo stesso: nella maggior parte dei casi il mercato continua a salire molto pi&#249; a lungo di quanto gli investitori ritengano possibile.</p><p>Questo accade per una ragione estremamente semplice che per&#242; viene spesso ignorata: <strong>i mercati azionari passano gran parte della loro vita vicino ai massimi storici.</strong> Non &#232; un&#8217;anomalia, &#232; la loro condizione naturale. Se un indice cresce mediamente nel tempo, allora &#232; inevitabile che continui a registrare nuovi massimi con una frequenza molto elevata. E infatti, osservando la storia dell&#8217;S&amp;P500, emerge chiaramente come una percentuale enorme delle sedute si collochi entro pochi punti percentuali dai massimi assoluti precedenti. Questo significa che attendere continuamente &#171;il momento giusto&#187;, equivale molto spesso a costruire una strategia basata sull&#8217;assenza di esposizione. E l&#8217;assenza di esposizione, nel lungo periodo, &#232; una delle forme pi&#249; subdole di distruzione patrimoniale, perch&#233; non produce perdite evidenti ma produce qualcosa di ancora pi&#249; pericoloso: il costo opportunit&#224;.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Waiting doesn&#8217;t pay off</h4><p>Opportunity cost is probably the concept least understood by retail investors. Those who remain in cash for years while market rises tend to focus exclusively on the risk they&#8217;ve avoided, without realizing the return they&#8217;ve sacrificed. <strong>Psychologically, it&#8217;s much easier to accept a missed gain than an actual loss</strong>, because human brain processes losses much more intensely than unrealized potential gains. But from a financial standpoint, difference is irrelevant: missing out on a 100% gain has just as massive an impact on your net worth as suffering a significant loss. Yet, while losses are felt immediately, the cost of staying out of the market manifests slowly, almost invisibly, over the years.</p><p>The most interesting paradox is that investors who fear buying at the top the most often end up entering at exactly the worst possible moment. Why? Because <strong>human beings constantly seek emotional confirmation.</strong> When market rises for years, those who stayed out feel uneasy but still maintain a certain caution. However, when rally continues long enough to become a collective consensus, perception of risk changes completely. At that point, market is no longer perceived as dangerous but as inevitable. And that&#8217;s exactly when many investors enter heavily, often after years of waiting. The problem is that major cycle highs occur when fear disappears almost completely and is replaced by the conviction that &#171;this time is different&#187;.</p><p>And this is where the most difficult concept to accept comes into play: market can simultaneously be too expensive to generate extraordinary returns over the next decade and yet continue to rise far more than expected in the short and mid-term. This is a fundamental distinction that many investors fail to grasp. <strong>An overvalued market doesn&#8217;t necessarily imply an imminent crash.</strong> High valuations reduce expected future returns, but they almost never provide reliable guidance on timing. And this is exactly why strategies based on the idea that &#171;it&#8217;s too late to buy now&#187; tend to fail historically.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg" width="1456" height="693" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dQA5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbf20966-e77b-4b62-a4c4-88dfd782a41f_1726x822.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Shiller PE Ratio on the verge of taking out its dot com bubble ATH</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Aspettare non paga</h4><p>Il costo opportunit&#224; &#232; probabilmente la variabile meno compresa dagli investitori retail. Chi rimane liquido per anni mentre il mercato sale, tende a concentrarsi esclusivamente sul rischio evitato, senza rendersi conto del rendimento sacrificato. <strong>Psicologicamente &#232; molto pi&#249; facile accettare un mancato guadagno rispetto a una perdita reale</strong>, perch&#233; il cervello umano contabilizza le perdite in maniera molto pi&#249; intensa rispetto ai benefici potenziali non realizzati. Ma dal punto di vista finanziario la differenza &#232; irrilevante: perdere un rialzo del 100% ha un impatto patrimoniale enorme quanto subire una perdita significativa. Eppure, mentre le perdite vengono percepite immediatamente, il costo di essere rimasti fuori dal mercato si manifesta lentamente, quasi invisibilmente, nel corso degli anni.</p><p>Il paradosso pi&#249; interessante &#232; che spesso gli investitori che temono maggiormente di comprare sui massimi finiscono poi per entrare esattamente nel momento peggiore possibile. Perch&#233;? Perch&#233; <strong>l&#8217;essere umano cerca continuamente conferme emotive</strong>. Quando il mercato sale per anni, chi &#232; rimasto fuori prova disagio ma mantiene ancora una certa prudenza. Quando per&#242; il rialzo continua abbastanza a lungo da trasformarsi in consenso collettivo, allora cambia completamente la percezione del rischio. A quel punto il mercato non viene pi&#249; percepito come pericoloso ma come inevitabile. Ed &#232; esattamente l&#236; che molti investitori entrano pesantemente, spesso dopo anni di attesa. Il problema &#232; che i grandi massimi di ciclo nascono proprio quando la paura scompare quasi completamente e viene sostituita dalla convinzione che &#171;questa volta sia diverso&#187;.</p><p>Ed &#232; qui che entra in gioco il concetto pi&#249; difficile da accettare: il mercato pu&#242; essere contemporaneamente troppo caro per produrre rendimenti straordinari nel decennio successivo e comunque continuare a salire ancora molto pi&#249; del previsto nel breve e medio periodo. Questa &#232; una distinzione fondamentale che moltissimi investitori non riescono a comprendere. <strong>Un mercato sopravvalutato non implica necessariamente un imminente crollo.</strong> Le valutazioni elevate riducono i rendimenti attesi futuri, ma non forniscono quasi mai indicazioni affidabili sul timing. Ed &#232; esattamente questo il motivo per cui strategie basate esclusivamente sull&#8217;idea che &#171;ormai sia troppo tardi per comprare&#187; tendono storicamente a fallire.</p><div><hr></div><h4>It&#8217;s never too late to&#8230;</h4><p>Financial history is full of examples of those who have systematically tried to predict the end of bull markets. In the article, I cited some of the most emblematic cases, but the beginning and end of the &#171;cycle of losers&#187; is very long. In addition to retail investors, <strong>many asset managers remain underweight in equities for years because they believe valuations are unsustainable</strong> and, from a theoretical standpoint, they wouldn&#8217;t even be entirely wrong. The problem is that market can remain irrational for much longer than one can remain solvent or competitive. And this is the great contradiction of financial markets: being right too early very often amounts to being wrong.</p><p>Of course, none of this means the market always goes up or there aren&#8217;t extremely long and frustrating periods. Because while it&#8217;s true staying out of the market for too long has historically been a losing strategy, it&#8217;s equally true entering emotionally and aggressively right near major structural highs can condemn an investor to years, sometimes decades, of zero real returns. Just look at the Japanese market after 1989 or Nasdaq after 2000: those who bought at the height of the dot-com bubble euphoria would have taken over a decade just to break even in nominal terms, not to mention the number of companies that went bankrupt trying to ride the wave and the golden years of internet.</p><p>The conclusion seems obvious: <strong>there is no point at which the market becomes easy to read</strong>, but only phases in which the narrative seems convincing. Any attempt to reduce the market to a &#171;right time&#187; to enter tends to oversimplify a dynamic remains structurally continuous yet simultaneously random and unpredictable. Rather than identifying the perfect entry point, the real issue is accepting that market rarely offers conditions of clarity between price and perception. By accepting this logic, we will stop living in a market where tomorrow is always too late to buy and too early to short.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg" width="1320" height="922" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:922,&quot;width&quot;:1320,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:315073,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/199706143?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKYN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6972fa31-8bae-46af-b1c9-7f868c6db241_1320x922.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Bull markets have generally been longer in duration and greater in magnitude than bear markets, resulting in gains over time | Charles Schwab</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Non &#232; mai troppo tardi per&#8230;</h4><p>La storia finanziaria &#232; piena di esempi devastanti per chi ha provato sistematicamente ad anticipare la fine dei rialzi. Nell&#8217;articolo, ho citato alcuni dei casi pi&#249; emblematici, ma l&#8217;inizio e la fine del &#171;ciclo dei perdenti&#187; &#232; lunghissimo. Oltre agli investitori al dettaglio, <strong>moltissimi gestori professionali rimangono sotto-pesati sull&#8217;azionario per anni perch&#233; ritengono che le valutazioni siano insostenibili</strong> e, dal punto di vista teorico, non avrebbero nemmeno completamente torto. Il problema &#232; che il mercato pu&#242; rimanere irrazionale molto pi&#249; a lungo di quanto si riesca a rimanere solvibili o competitivi. Ed &#232; questa la grande contraddizione dei mercati finanziari: avere ragione troppo presto equivale molto spesso ad avere torto.</p><p>Naturalmente tutto questo non significa che il mercato salga sempre o che non esistano periodi estremamente lunghi e frustranti. Perch&#233; se &#232; vero che rimanere fuori dal mercato troppo a lungo rappresenta storicamente una strategia perdente, &#232; altrettanto vero che entrare in maniera emotiva e aggressiva proprio in prossimit&#224; di grandi massimi strutturali pu&#242; condannare un investitore a vivere anni, talvolta decenni, di rendimenti reali praticamente nulli. Basta osservare il mercato giapponese dopo il 1989 oppure il Nasdaq dopo il 2000: chi acquist&#242; nel pieno dell&#8217;euforia della bolla dot-com avrebbe impiegato oltre un decennio semplicemente per tornare in pari nominalmente, oltre alla quantit&#224; di aziende fallite che provarono a calvare l&#8217;onda e gli anni d&#8217;oro dell&#8217;internet.</p><p>La conclusione pare ovvia e scontata: <strong>non esiste un punto in cui il mercato diventa facile da leggere</strong>, ma solo fasi in cui la narrazione sembra convincente. Ogni tentativo di ridurre il mercato a un momento giusto per entrare, tende a semplificare eccessivamente una dinamica che resta strutturalmente continua ma allo stesso tempo randomica e imprevedibile. Pi&#249; che individuare il punto di ingresso perfetto, la questione reale &#232; accettare che il mercato raramente offre condizioni di chiarezza tra prezzo e percezione. Accettando questa logica, smetteremo di vivere in un mercato in cui il domani &#232; sempre troppo tardi per comprare e troppo presto per vendere.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Time Beats Talent]]></title><description><![CDATA[The hidden cost of delaying an investment in the stock market]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/time-beats-talent</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/time-beats-talent</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 05:30:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/43646872-66b7-43a7-8a64-9b162c76ef50_4608x3456.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#171;<em>It&#8217;s not about timing the market, but about time in the market</em>&#187; &#8212; Kenneth Fisher</p><p>There&#8217;s a misconception I see all the time when it comes to investing, and in my view, it&#8217;s one of the reasons why so many people put off for years a decision that could radically change their future financial lives. It&#8217;s the deeply flawed idea that <strong>you need a lot of capital, exceptional technical expertise,</strong> or a special ability to read markets and predict their fluctuations to start investing.</p><p>It&#8217;s a narrative has taken root over time because it&#8217;s fascinating, almost cinematic. The investor (and financial advisor, ed.) is portrayed as a figure capable of superior intuition, someone who knows when to buy and when to sell, someone who anticipates market movements, reads signals invisible to others and builds wealth thanks to a sort of special talent. The reality, for 99% of people, is infinitely simpler and far less romantic.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xqGb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4658b11b-cbbe-4902-abaf-23ae288a892f_1275x925.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>No matter who is in office, the stock market seems to find a way</em> | Peter Mallouk</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#171;<em>Non si tratta di prevedere l&#8217;andamento del mercato, ma di rimanere sul mercato nel tempo</em>&#187; &#8212; Kenneth Fisher</p><p>C&#8217;&#232; un errore di prospettiva che vedo continuamente quando si parla di investimenti e che, a mio avviso, &#232; uno dei motivi per cui moltissime persone rimandano per anni una decisione che potrebbe cambiare radicalmente la loro vita finanziaria futura. &#200; l&#8217;idea, profondamente sbagliata, che <strong>per iniziare a investire servano grandi capitali, una competenza tecnica fuori dal comune</strong> oppure una particolare capacit&#224; di leggere i mercati e prevederne le oscillazioni.</p><p>&#200; una narrativa che si &#232; consolidata nel tempo perch&#233; &#232; affascinante, quasi cinematografica. L&#8217;investitore (e il consulente finanziario, ndr) viene raccontato come una figura capace di intuizioni superiori, uno che sa quando entrare e quando uscire, uno che anticipa i movimenti, che legge segnali invisibili agli altri e costruisce ricchezza grazie a una sorta di talento speciale. La realt&#224;, per il 99% delle persone, &#232; infinitamente pi&#249; semplice e molto meno romantica.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The underestimated factor: time</h4><p>Building wealth rarely stems from extraordinary insights. Much more often, it stems from an almost tedious discipline, a methodical repetition of sound financial habits maintained over a sufficiently long period of time.</p><p>That&#8217;s why, if I had to give just one piece of financial advice to someone, I&#8217;d probably say this: <strong>open a stock investment plan (DCA, ed.) and forget about it, in the smartest sense of the term.</strong> Don&#8217;t ignore it, don&#8217;t neglect it, but stop treating it as a decision that needs to be constantly second-guessed. Set it up as an automatic process, as a structural habit, as an ordinary part of your financial life, just like paying a bill or making a contribution. Because the great advantage of investing early isn&#8217;t tied to spectacular returns in the first year or the chance to &#171;hit the jackpot&#187;. It&#8217;s tied to something far more powerful and underrated: time.</p><p>In the financial world, there&#8217;s an almost irritating superficiality when it comes to time. Everyone says it&#8217;s important, but very few truly grasp its significance. We tend to think of time as a neutral variable, a framework within which returns occur. <strong>In reality, time is the true engine of wealth growth:</strong> it is not the container, but the fuel. Every additional year of compound growth produces an effect that doesn&#8217;t grow linearly but exponentially. This means starting at twenty-five instead of thirty-five is not equivalent to having ten more years of investing. It means entering a completely different dynamic, because those initial ten years are what allow the capital to begin generating returns on returns, triggering a progression that in the following decades becomes almost disproportionate to the initial effort.</p><p>And this is where so many people make their most costly mistake: they think that a few hundred dollars a month is insignificant. They look at the monthly payment and judge it to be small compared to the large numbers they mentally associate with the idea of wealth. They think in static terms, seeing $100 as just $100. They don&#8217;t see what those $100 can become if left to work for twenty to thirty years. They don&#8217;t see how the small can become great through consistency. It&#8217;s a perfectly human short-sightedness, but financially devastating.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg" width="1402" height="1122" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1122,&quot;width&quot;:1402,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:347148,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/197043689?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F2K7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbfa583e-91c8-4223-852c-546cfbeac738_1402x1122.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Short-term emotions and long-term investments rarely go hand in hand</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il fattore sottovalutato: il tempo</h4><p>La costruzione del patrimonio raramente nasce da intuizioni straordinarie. Molto pi&#249; spesso nasce da una disciplina quasi noiosa, da una ripetizione metodica di comportamenti corretti protratti per un tempo sufficientemente lungo.</p><p>&#200; per questo che, se dovessi dare un solo consiglio finanziario a una persona, probabilmente direi questo: <strong>apri un PAC azionario e dimenticatene, nel senso pi&#249; intelligente del termine.</strong> Non ignorarlo, non trascurarlo, ma smetti di viverlo come una decisione da rimettere continuamente in discussione. Impostalo come un automatismo, come un&#8217;abitudine strutturale, come una parte ordinaria della tua vita economica esattamente come pagare una bolletta o versare un contributo. Perch&#233; il grande vantaggio dell&#8217;investimento precoce non &#232; legato al rendimento spettacolare del primo anno o alla possibilit&#224; di &#171;fare il colpo&#187;. &#200; legato a qualcosa di molto pi&#249; potente e sottovalutato: il tempo.</p><p>Sul tempo, nel mondo finanziario, esiste una forma di superficialit&#224; quasi irritante. Tutti dicono che sia importante, ma pochissimi ne comprendono davvero la portata. Si tende a pensare al tempo come a una variabile neutrale, una cornice dentro cui avvengono i rendimenti. <strong>In realt&#224; il tempo &#232; il vero motore della crescita patrimoniale</strong>: non &#232; il contenitore, bens&#236; il carburante. Ogni anno aggiuntivo di capitalizzazione composta produce un effetto che non cresce in maniera lineare ma esponenziale. Questo significa che iniziare a venticinque anni anzich&#233; a trentacinque non equivale ad avere dieci anni in pi&#249; di investimento. Significa entrare in una dinamica completamente diversa, perch&#233; quei dieci anni iniziali sono quelli che permettono al capitale di cominciare a generare rendimenti sui rendimenti, innescando una progressione che nei decenni successivi diventa quasi sproporzionata rispetto allo sforzo iniziale.</p><p>Ed &#232; qui che moltissime persone commettono il loro errore pi&#249; costoso: pensano che qualche centinaio di euro al mese sia irrilevante. Guardano il versamento mensile e lo giudicano piccolo rispetto ai grandi numeri che associano mentalmente all&#8217;idea di patrimonio. Ragionano in termini statici, vedendo 100 euro come 100 euro. Non vedono cosa quei 100 euro possono diventare se lasciati lavorare per venti-trent&#8217;anni. Non vedono la trasformazione del piccolo nel grande attraverso la costanza. &#200; una miopia perfettamente umana, ma finanziariamente devastante.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Focus on productivity and let your money work for you</h4><p>People have a resource they often don&#8217;t even recognize as such: they have a massive productive capacity at their disposal and need not pay too much attention to the constant fluctuations of the markets. <strong>In finance, this invisible wealth even has a specific name: human capital.</strong> It is the present economic value of everything a person will produce through their work over the coming decades. A 25-year-old, even if they have only a few thousand dollars in their account today, potentially possesses hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars in future earning capacity. The problem is that this capital, if not gradually converted into financial capital, remains dependent on their physical and professional ability to work.</p><p>And this is exactly where DCA investing becomes an extraordinary tool. Not because it is better than the Lump-Sum Investing in an absolute sense. This is an often fruitless, almost academic debate, which I have addressed extensively in other articles. The LSI is superior when capital is already available, but most people are not in that position. Their wealth comes in month after month in the form of a salary, and DCA is the mechanism that allows you to transform steady stream of income into invested assets. It is the bridge converts human capital into financial capital: <strong>each monthly payment is a small piece of work that ceases to depend exclusively on your hours and begins to generate returns on its own.</strong></p><p>This aspect is profoundly revolutionary if you truly understand it, because it means beginning to build a form of progressive independence from your work. It means ensuring a growing portion of your future well-being depends not only on your ability to get up every morning and generate active income, but also on the ability of your accumulated capital to generate autonomous growth.</p><p>Many people, however, freeze in the face of volatility, fearing a downturn, failing to understand that <strong>risk is the only true driver of returns.</strong> They see the markets fall and interpret decline as a threat, unaware in reality, will be the true breaking point to boost future performance. This happens because they view investing with a mindset focused on established wealth, not as a long-term accumulator. It&#8217;s a massive mistake in perspective. From your twenties to your fifties, you&#8217;re likely trying to build capital: downturns shouldn&#8217;t be a problem, they&#8217;re part of the solution.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg" width="1080" height="1350" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:294089,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/197043689?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Q9jj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F125bd1ff-92b4-4b2b-91f3-184bd62b53da_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Using the rule of 72, investor can estimate how long it takes to double their money</em> | Visual Capitalist</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Focalizzatevi sulla produttivit&#224; e lasciate lavorare il denaro</h4><p>Le persone posseggono una risorsa che spesso non percepiscono nemmeno come tale: hanno davanti a s&#233; una gigantesca capacit&#224; produttiva e non devono badare troppo a quelle che sono le continue fluttuazioni dei mercati. <strong>In finanza questa ricchezza invisibile ha persino un nome preciso: capitale umano.</strong> &#200; il valore economico attuale di tutto ci&#242; che una persona produrr&#224; attraverso il proprio lavoro nei decenni successivi. Un venticinquenne, anche se oggi ha poche migliaia di euro sul conto, possiede potenzialmente centinaia di migliaia o milioni di euro di capacit&#224; reddituale futura. Il problema &#232; che questo capitale, se non viene gradualmente convertito in capitale finanziario, resta dipendente dalla sua capacit&#224; fisica e professionale di lavorare.</p><p>Ed &#232; esattamente qui che il PAC diventa uno strumento straordinario. Non perch&#233; sia migliore del PIC in senso assoluto. Questa &#232; una discussione spesso sterile, quasi accademica, di cui me ne sono occupato ampiamente in altri articoli. Il PIC &#232; superiore quando il capitale &#232; gi&#224; disponibile, ma la maggior parte delle persone non si trova in quella condizione. La loro ricchezza arriva mese dopo mese sotto forma di stipendio e il PAC &#232; il meccanismo che consente di trasformare quel flusso progressivo di reddito in patrimonio investito. &#200; il ponte che converte capitale umano in capitale finanziario: <strong>ogni rata mensile &#232; un piccolo pezzo di lavoro che smette di dipendere esclusivamente dalle tue ore e comincia a produrre rendimento in autonomia.</strong></p><p>Questo aspetto &#232; profondamente rivoluzionario se lo si comprende davvero, perch&#233; significa iniziare a costruire una forma di indipendenza progressiva dal proprio lavoro. Significa fare in modo che una parte crescente del proprio benessere futuro non dipenda solo dalla capacit&#224; di alzarsi ogni mattina e produrre reddito attivo, ma anche dalla capacit&#224; del capitale accumulato di generare crescita autonoma.</p><p>Molte persone, per&#242;, si bloccano davanti alla volatilit&#224;, temendo il ribasso, non capendo che <strong>il rischio &#232; l&#8217;unico vero propellente del rendimento.</strong> Vedono i mercati scendere e interpretano quella discesa come una minaccia, non sapendo che in realt&#224; sar&#224; quello il vero <em>breaking point</em> per dare quel <em>boost</em> necessario alle performance future. Questo accade perch&#233; osservano l&#8217;investimento con una mentalit&#224; da patrimonio consolidato, non da accumulatore di lungo periodo. &#200; un errore prospettico enorme. Dai venti fino ai cinquanta anni &#232; probabile che tu stia provando a costruire capitale: i ribassi non devono essere un problema, sono parte della soluzione.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Less complexity, more discipline</h4><p>These concepts are often repeated like superficial mantras, but there is a very precise mathematical logic behind them. If your investment horizon is twenty, thirty, or forty years, market&#8217;s performance over the next six months is almost irrelevant. What matters far more is the average price at which you accumulate assets during the early years of your investment. And for a disciplined investor, prolonged periods of weakness can become extraordinary opportunities.</p><p>The real risk, therefore, is not the downturn, it is the interruption. It is stopping contributions when the market falls, letting yourself be swept up in the narrative of panic, and worse still, convincing yourself that &#171;maybe it doesn&#8217;t work&#187; just as you are buying quality assets at a discount. And this is precisely where the psychological dimension of DCA comes into play, often overlooked but perhaps even more important than mathematical one. <strong>An accumulation plan is not just a gradual entry technique; it is a form of behavioral training. </strong>It teaches you that investing doesn&#8217;t mean reacting emotionally to events but staying consistent with a process; it gets you used to ignoring the noise and trains you to replace instinct with method.</p><p>And in the long run, this is what separates those who truly build wealth from those who remain mere spectators of the markets. Not superior intelligence or the financial advisor who suggests constant buying and selling. <strong>A stroke of genius in finance doesn&#8217;t pay off</strong>, nor does the perfect forecast, which, alas, doesn&#8217;t exist. What does exist, however, is the ability to remain disciplined long enough to let time do its work.</p><p>Modern finance likes to portray itself as an arena of technical sophistication, making it seem as though everything depends on the complexity of strategies, perfect selection, and refined market timing. The reality, however, is that most solid wealth has been built in a much simpler way: <strong>ordinary people who saved regularly, invested rationally, ignored the noise, and let time do its work.</strong></p><p>That is why I continue to believe that, for almost every investor, the smartest choice is not to find the perfect asset or wait for the perfect moment. It is to start. Because in wealth building, the decisive factor is rarely the entry point, but starting date. Those who start first don&#8217;t win because they guess the best financial instrument to bet on; they win because they give time more room to build results that, when viewed up close, seem small, but when viewed from a distance of decades become enormous.</p><p>Creating value within a portfolio is possible by consistently making the right choices, are often invisible, often tedious, and often overlooked by everyone. And almost always, it all begins with a seemingly trivial decision: to start, so that time can become your most powerful ally.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg" width="1200" height="763" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:763,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:65934,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/197043689?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xRv6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe9efc2-5ca9-4101-88ff-49e15d347216_1200x763.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Every investor should study this visual thoroughly</em> | Brian Feroldi</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Meno sofisticazione, pi&#249; disciplina</h4><p>Questi concetti vengono spesso ripetuti come dei mantra superficiali, ma dietro c&#8217;&#232; una logica matematica molto precisa. Se il tuo orizzonte temporale &#232; di venti, trenta o quarant&#8217;anni, il valore del mercato nei prossimi sei mesi &#232; quasi irrilevante. Conta molto di pi&#249; il prezzo medio a cui accumuli nei primi anni di costruzione. E fasi di debolezza prolungata, per un investitore disciplinato possono diventare opportunit&#224; straordinarie.</p><p>Il vero rischio, quindi, non &#232; il ribasso, &#232; l&#8217;interruzione. &#200; smettere di versare quando il mercato scende, lasciarsi travolgere dalla narrativa del panico e, peggio ancora, convincersi che &#171;forse non funziona&#187; proprio mentre si stanno comprando asset di qualit&#224; a sconto. Ed &#232; proprio qui che entra in gioco la dimensione psicologica del PAC, spesso trascurata ma forse persino pi&#249; importante di quella matematica. <strong>Un piano di accumulo non &#232; solo una tecnica di ingresso graduale, &#232; una forma di educazione comportamentale.</strong> Ti insegna che investire non significa reagire emotivamente agli eventi ma restare coerente a un processo, ti abitua a ignorare il rumore e ti allena a sostituire l&#8217;istinto con il metodo.</p><p>Ed &#232; questo alla lunga, che separa chi costruisce davvero patrimonio da chi resta sempre spettatore dei mercati. Non l&#8217;intelligenza superiore o il consulente finanziario che ti suggerisce continue entrate e uscite dal mercato. <strong>Il colpo di genio in finanza non paga</strong>, cos&#236; come la previsione perfetta che ahim&#232; non esiste. Esiste invece la capacit&#224; di restare sufficientemente disciplinato abbastanza a lungo da lasciare al tempo il compito di fare il suo lavoro.</p><p>La finanza moderna ama raccontarsi come un&#8217;arena di sofisticazione tecnica, facendo sembrare che tutto dipenda dalla complessit&#224; delle strategie, dalla selezione perfetta, dal market timing raffinato. La realt&#224; invece &#232; che la maggior parte dei patrimoni solidi &#232; stata costruita in modo molto pi&#249; semplice: <strong>persone normali che hanno risparmiato con regolarit&#224;, investito in modo razionale, ignorato il rumore e lasciato lavorare il tempo.</strong></p><p>Per questo continuo a pensare che, per quasi ogni investitore, la scelta pi&#249; intelligente non sia trovare l&#8217;asset perfetto o attendere il momento perfetto. &#200; iniziare. Perch&#233; nella costruzione patrimoniale il fattore decisivo raramente &#232; il punto d&#8217;ingresso, ma la data di partenza. Chi parte prima non vince perch&#233; indovina il miglior strumento finanziario su cui puntare, vince perch&#233; concede al tempo uno spazio pi&#249; ampio per comporre risultati che, osservati da vicino, sembrano piccoli, ma osservati a distanza di decenni diventano enormi.</p><p>Creare valore all&#8217;interno di un portafoglio &#232; possibile attivando la ripetizione silenziosa di scelte corrette, spesso invisibili, spesso noiose, spesso ignorate da tutti. E quasi sempre tutto comincia da una decisione apparentemente banale: iniziare, cos&#236; da permettere al tempo di diventare il proprio pi&#249; potente alleato.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Long Wave of Prediction Markets]]></title><description><![CDATA[What's really going on, beyond storytelling on Polymarket]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-long-wave-of-prediction-markets</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-long-wave-of-prediction-markets</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 05:31:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/45b17a00-e3f2-4b53-ba7c-531e1579dea9_6000x4000.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#171;<em>Never underestimate a man who overestimates himself</em>&#187; &#8212; Charlie Munger</p><p>If we want to understand what prediction markets are and why they are attracting so much attention today, we need to start with a simple but often overlooked fact: they are not a new idea. They have been around for decades. In the 1980s and 1990s, they were already being used in academic and institutional settings and one of the best-known examples is the <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5028658_Iowa_electronic_markets">Iowa Electronic Markets</a>, which was used to predict election outcomes in the United States with results that were often more accurate than traditional polls.</p><p>The difference is that today, with platforms like Polymarket, <strong>these tools have become accessible, liquid, and above all, global.</strong> You no longer need to be a researcher or an institution: anyone can take a position on an event. The mechanism is simple in structure but powerful in its effects and every event is transformed into a binary or multiple-choice market. Let&#8217;s look at some concrete examples.</p><p>&#171;Will Candidate X win the election?&#187; There are two assets: YES and NO. If the YES contract is priced at 0.62, it means the market is pricing in a 62% probability that the event will occur. If you buy at 0.62 and event happens, you collect 1. If it doesn&#8217;t happen, you lose your stake. Another of the most emblematic and also most misunderstood examples is the one related to Jesus Christ. On <a href="https://polymarket.com/market/will-jesus-christ-return-before-2027?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Polymarket</a>, there is (and it has been much discussed) a market that prices the return of Christ by a certain date. Today, for example, the &#171;return before 2027&#187; market is trading around 3&#8211;4% on the Yes side, with volumes exceeding tens of millions of dollars.</p><p>Now, if you look at it superficially, it seems crazy: <strong>is someone really pricing a theological event?</strong> Buying &#171;No&#187; in such a market is, in fact, equivalent to building a position with an almost certain return. If the price of &#171;Yes&#187; is at 4%, &#171;No&#187; is implicitly yielding something close to 96% at maturity, on a nominal basis. Annualized, it becomes a sort of &#171;like a bond&#187;: low yield but perceived as safe.</p><p>But the market isn&#8217;t really pricing in the probability of Christ&#8217;s return; rather, it&#8217;s pricing in the payoff: those buying &#171;No&#187; are seeking yield. Even extreme, seemingly impossible events never go to zero. That 3&#8211;4% isn&#8217;t faith; it&#8217;s a combination of inefficiencies, small traders, optionality and in some cases, pure noise, but above all, <strong>it&#8217;s the price necessary for counterparty to exist.</strong> The risk isn&#8217;t that Christ will return, but rather operational, structural and liquidity risks. Because you&#8217;re buying a payoff defined by rules (purchasing on a platform trades cryptocurrencies, ed.). In other words, this type of market seems like an easy return, but in reality it is much closer to imperfect arbitrage than to a risk-free investment. And it is exactly the kind of distortion that prediction markets make visible.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg" width="1346" height="1346" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1346,&quot;width&quot;:1346,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:85097,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/194732954?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PJ33!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd75347-90c4-4678-96d0-797cb115751e_1346x1346.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">An easy way to self-finance at 4% | Polymarket</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#171;<em>Non sottovalutare mai un uomo che si sopravvaluta</em>&#187; &#8212; Charlie Munger</p><p>Se oggi cerchiamo di capire cosa sono i <em>prediction market</em> e perch&#233; stanno attirando cos&#236; tanta attenzione, dobbiamo partire da un punto semplice ma spesso ignorato: non sono un&#8217;idea nuova. Esistono da decenni. Negli anni &#8217;80 e &#8217;90 venivano gi&#224; utilizzati in ambito accademico e istituzionale, e uno dei casi pi&#249; noti &#232; l&#8217;<em><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5028658_Iowa_electronic_markets">Iowa Electronic Markets</a></em>, che veniva usato per stimare gli esiti elettorali negli Stati Uniti con risultati spesso pi&#249; accurati dei sondaggi tradizionali.</p><p>La differenza &#232; che oggi, con piattaforme come Polymarket, <strong>questi strumenti sono diventati accessibili, liquidi e soprattutto globali</strong>. Non serve pi&#249; essere un ricercatore o un&#8217;istituzione: chiunque pu&#242; prendere una posizione su un evento. Il funzionamento &#232; banale nella struttura ma potente negli effetti e ogni evento viene trasformato in un mercato binario o multiplo. Facciamo alcuni esempi concreti.</p><p>&#171;Il candidato X vincer&#224; le elezioni?&#187;. Ci sono due asset: YES e NO. Se il contratto YES quota 0,62, significa che il mercato sta prezzando una probabilit&#224; del 62% che quell&#8217;evento si verifichi. Se compri a 0,62 e l&#8217;evento accade, incassi 1. Se non accade, vai a zero. Un&#8217;altro tra gli esempi pi&#249; emblematici, e anche pi&#249; fraintesi, c&#8217;&#232; quello legato a Ges&#249; Cristo. Su <a href="https://polymarket.com/market/will-jesus-christ-return-before-2027?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Polymarket</a> esiste (ed &#232; stato molto discusso) un mercato che quota il ritorno di Cristo entro una certa data. Oggi, per esempio, il mercato &#171;<em>return before 2027</em>&#187; scambia intorno al 3-4% sul lato Yes, con volumi che hanno superato decine di milioni di dollari.</p><p>Ora, se lo guardi superficialmente, sembra una follia: <strong>qualcuno sta davvero prezzando un evento teologico?</strong> Comprare No in un mercato del genere equivale, di fatto, a costruirti una posizione a rendimento quasi certo. Se il prezzo del Yes &#232; al 4%, il No sta implicitamente rendendo qualcosa vicino al 96% a scadenza, su base nominale. Annualizzato, diventa una specie di &#171;pseudo bond&#187;: rendimento basso ma percepito come sicuro.</p><p>Ma il mercato non sta davvero stimando la probabilit&#224; del ritorno di Cristo, bens&#236; il payoff: chi compra No sta cercando rendimento. Anche eventi estremi, apparentemente impossibili, non vanno mai a zero. Quel 3-4% non &#232; fede, &#232; una combinazione di inefficienze, piccoli trader, optionality e in alcuni casi, puro rumore, ma soprattutto <strong>&#232; il prezzo necessario per far esistere la controparte</strong>. Il rischio non &#232; che torni Cristo, ma operativo, di struttura e di liquidit&#224;. Perch&#233; stai comprando un payoff definito da regole (acquisto in una piattaforma che scambia cripto-valute, ndr). In altre parole, questo tipo di mercato sembra una rendita facile, ma in realt&#224; &#232; molto pi&#249; vicino a un arbitraggio imperfetto che a un investimento risk-free. Ed &#232; esattamente il tipo di distorsione che i prediction market rendono visibile.</p><div><hr></div><h4>&#171;Picking up&#187; information</h4><p>During the 2020 U.S. presidential election, betting platforms showed very rapid fluctuations in response to even partial news reports. As the first results came in from key states, odds shifted in real time, long before the media updated their official projections. At times, markets overestimated Donald Trump&#8217;s chances in the early hours of the vote count, only to correct themselves rapidly as more complete data came in. This is a useful example because it demonstrates both speed and error: <strong>market reacts first, but it is not infallible.</strong></p><p>Another interesting case involves macro events. On Polymarket, events such as &#171;Will the Federal Reserve cut rates by a certain date?&#187; were listed. Here, the natural comparison is with traditional instruments like <a href="https://www.cmegroup.com/markets/interest-rates/cme-fedwatch-tool.html">Fed Funds</a>. In many times, prediction markets have shown probabilities that diverged from the futures market, especially when the context was uncertain. This creates a concrete situation: two markets pricing the same event differently and for those who know how to read them, this is information.</p><p>Then there are the more &#171;micro&#187; cases, but no less interesting. Regulatory decisions, approvals of financial instruments, outcomes of legal cases, corporate results. For example, when the approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the United States was being discussed, prediction markets began pricing in increasing probabilities weeks before the SEC&#8217;s official announcement. Not because they had direct access to insider information in the strict sense, but because they aggregated scattered signals: statements, timelines, precedents and trader behavior. This is the key point: <strong>prediction markets don&#8217;t know something beforehand; rather, they aggregate information.</strong></p><p>And they do so through a mechanism tends to filter out noise. If someone has information or a strong conviction, they can translate it into a position. If position is correct, it is rewarded. If it is wrong, it is punished. Over time, this process tends to move the price toward an increasingly efficient estimate.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png" width="1456" height="1032" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aSKD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0bab0033-9997-4f40-9369-ae5a7507c178_2168x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Predictive math modeling of fed funds in the age of greedy betting | CME</figcaption></figure></div><h4>&#171;Cogliere&#187; l&#8217;informazione</h4><p>Durante le elezioni presidenziali USA del 2020, piattaforme di scommesse su eventi mostravano oscillazioni molto rapide in funzione di notizie anche parziali. Quando arrivavano i primi risultati da stati chiave, le probabilit&#224; si muovevano in tempo reale, molto prima che i media aggiornassero le proiezioni ufficiali. In alcuni momenti, i mercati hanno sovrastimato le possibilit&#224; di Donald Trump nelle ore iniziali dello spoglio, salvo poi correggersi rapidamente man mano che arrivavano dati pi&#249; completi. Questo &#232; un esempio utile perch&#233; mostra sia la velocit&#224; sia l&#8217;errore: <strong>il mercato reagisce prima, ma non &#232; infallibile.</strong></p><p>Un altro caso interessante riguarda eventi macro. Su Polymarket sono stati quotati eventi come &#171;La Federal Reserve taglier&#224; i tassi entro una certa data?&#187;. Qui il confronto naturale &#232; con strumenti tradizionali come i <em><a href="https://www.cmegroup.com/markets/interest-rates/cme-fedwatch-tool.html">Fed Funds</a></em>. In diversi momenti, i prediction market hanno mostrato probabilit&#224; divergenti rispetto al mercato dei futures, soprattutto quando il contesto era incerto. Questo crea una situazione concreta: due mercati che prezzano lo stesso evento in modo diverso e per chi sa leggerli, questa &#232; un&#8217;informazione.</p><p>Poi ci sono i casi pi&#249; &#171;micro&#187;, ma non meno interessanti. Decisioni regolatorie, approvazioni di strumenti finanziari, esiti di cause legali, risultati aziendali. Ad esempio, quando si discuteva dell&#8217;approvazione di ETF spot su Bitcoin negli Stati Uniti, i prediction market hanno iniziato a prezzare probabilit&#224; crescenti settimane prima dell&#8217;annuncio ufficiale della SEC. Non perch&#233; avessero accesso diretto a informazioni privilegiate in senso stretto, ma perch&#233; aggregavano segnali dispersi: dichiarazioni, tempistiche, precedenti, comportamento degli operatori. Questo &#232; il punto chiave: <strong>i prediction market non sanno qualcosa prima, bens&#236; aggregano informazioni.</strong></p><p>E lo fanno con un meccanismo che tende a filtrare il rumore. Se qualcuno ha un&#8217;informazione o una convinzione forte, pu&#242; tradurla in una posizione. Se quella posizione &#232; corretta, viene premiata. Se &#232; sbagliata, viene punita. Nel tempo, questo processo tende a spostare il prezzo verso una stima sempre pi&#249; efficiente.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Underestimated factors and inefficient predictions</h4><p>It&#8217;s easier said than done. And while this concept is based on objective data, it remains largely theoretical. In practice, however, several things happen that are worth observing closely.</p><p><strong>The first is liquidity</strong>, because not all markets on Polymarket are equally liquid. Some highly followed events have deep order books and narrow spreads; others are thin, with few participants. In these cases, it takes very little capital to move the price significantly. This means that probability you see isn&#8217;t always robust.</p><p><strong>The second is concentration</strong>. It&#8217;s not necessarily the case that the market is composed of thousands of small, independent participants. In some cases, a few players with significant capital can influence the price. This doesn&#8217;t necessarily imply intentional manipulation, but it does mean consensus may be less widespread than it appears.</p><p><strong>The third factor is thematic bias</strong>. In political markets, for example, distortions related to the composition of the user base are often observed. If a platform has a certain dominant demographic, this can be reflected in prices, especially in less liquid markets. It is no different from what happens on social media, but here it has a direct impact on price.</p><p>As we have seen, when it comes to politics, probabilities remain stuck at unrealistic levels for long periods, only to correct sharply when new liquidity or more reliable information becomes available. <strong>This behavior is typical of inefficient markets.</strong> Another practical issue concerns the resolution of events: in prediction markets, every contract must have precise rules regarding when and how it is considered &#171;resolved&#187;. It may seem like a technical detail, but it isn&#8217;t. There have been cases where ambiguity in the rules has led to disputes or borderline situations. For example, what exactly does &#171;by the end of the year&#187; mean? Which source is considered official? If an event is postponed or redefined, how is the contract handled? All these variables affect the price because they introduce risk.</p><p>Then there is the issue of timing. Prediction markets are highly reactive, but this reactivity can lead to overreactions. Incomplete or misinterpreted news can push the price in one direction, only to be corrected later. This creates movements that, to the observer, are informative: they indicate not only what the market thinks, but also how sensitive it is to certain inputs. A typical example is the publication of rumors: a rumor about a possible political decision can rapidly increase the probability of an event. If the rumor is denied, the price retraces (does this remind you in some way of Mr. Trump&#8217;s TACO trade?). In the meantime, however, there was an exchange of capital, and this remains a signal nonetheless.</p><p>Finally, there is the comparison with other forecasting tools: polls, statistical models, qualitative analysis. Prediction markets often perform better because they continuously update probabilities. <strong>A poll is a static snapshot; market is a continuous flow.</strong> But this doesn&#8217;t mean they are always superior. In contexts where information is scarce or distorted, even the market can be wrong. If you try to bring these elements together, what emerges is not a magic tool but an infrastructure with specific characteristics: fast, responsive, economically incentivized, but also imperfect, sensitive to liquidity and the composition of participants.</p><p>For those working in the markets or in consulting, the practical use is not to follow these probabilities as if they were definitive forecasts. Knowing them is good and right, as well as complementing them with other sources. Look at where they diverge, when they move, how they react to information; in some cases they anticipate, in others they follow. In some cases, they signal something the rest of the market hasn&#8217;t priced in yet; in others, they simply reflect noise.</p><p>It&#8217;s another layer of information, not the only one, not the definitive one, but distinct enough to warrant attention, especially now that participation is rising and platforms like Polymarket are bringing these mechanisms out of a niche and into a much broader context. Information globalization.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png" width="1178" height="830" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:830,&quot;width&quot;:1178,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:855348,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/194732954?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-gWV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8eb6bf1-313a-4f98-a000-94a056abc2e0_1178x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">While people wonder about aliens, Polymarket hits a record valuation</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Fattori sottovalutati e previsioni inaffidabili</h4><p>Tra il dire e il fare, c&#8217;&#232; di mezzo il mare. Ed &#232; vero anche in questo caso che, seppur basato su dati oggettivi, resta molto teorico. Nella pratica invece, succedono diverse cose che vale la pena osservare da vicino.</p><p><strong>La prima &#232; la liquidit&#224;</strong>, perch&#233; non tutti i mercati su Polymarket sono liquidi allo stesso modo. Alcuni eventi molto seguiti hanno book profondi e spread ridotti; altri sono sottili, con pochi partecipanti. In questi casi, basta poco capitale per muovere il prezzo in modo significativo. Questo significa che la probabilit&#224; che vedi non &#232; sempre robusta.</p><p><strong>La seconda &#232; la concentrazione</strong>. Non &#232; detto che il mercato sia composto da migliaia di piccoli partecipanti indipendenti. In alcuni casi, pochi attori con capitale rilevante possono influenzare il prezzo. Questo non significa necessariamente manipolazione intenzionale, ma implica che il consenso pu&#242; essere meno distribuito di quanto sembri.</p><p><strong>La terza &#232; il bias tematico</strong>. Nei mercati politici, per esempio, si osservano spesso distorsioni legate alla composizione della base utenti. Se una piattaforma ha una certa demografia prevalente, questo pu&#242; riflettersi nei prezzi, soprattutto in mercati meno liquidi. Non &#232; diverso da quello che succede nei social, ma qui ha un impatto diretto sul prezzo.</p><p>Come abbiamo visto, quando si parla di politica le probabilit&#224; rimangono ancorate a livelli poco realistici per lunghi periodi, per poi correggersi bruscamente quando arriva liquidit&#224; nuova o informazioni pi&#249; solide. <strong>Questo comportamento &#232; tipico dei mercati inefficienti.</strong> Un altro aspetto pratico riguarda la risoluzione degli eventi: nei prediction market, ogni contratto deve avere regole precise su quando e come viene considerato &#171;risolto&#187;. Sembra un dettaglio tecnico, ma non lo &#232;. Ci sono stati casi in cui l&#8217;ambiguit&#224; nelle regole ha creato dispute o situazioni borderline. Ad esempio, cosa significa esattamente &#171;entro fine anno?&#187; Quale fonte &#232; considerata ufficiale? Se un evento viene rinviato o ridefinito, come viene trattato il contratto? Tutte queste variabili incidono sul prezzo, perch&#233; introducono rischio.</p><p>C&#8217;&#232; poi il tema del <em>timing</em>. I prediction market sono molto reattivi, ma questa reattivit&#224; pu&#242; generare <em>over-reaction</em>. Notizie incomplete o interpretate male possono spingere il prezzo in una direzione, salvo poi essere corrette. Questo crea movimenti che, per chi osserva, sono informativi: indicano non solo cosa il mercato pensa, ma anche quanto &#232; sensibile a certi input. Un esempio tipico &#232; la pubblicazione di indiscrezioni: una voce su una possibile decisione politica pu&#242; far salire rapidamente la probabilit&#224; di un evento. Se la voce viene smentita, il prezzo rintraccia (vi ricorda in qualche modo il <em>TACO trade</em> di Mr. Trump?). In mezzo, per&#242;, c&#8217;&#232; stato uno scambio di capitale e questo rimane pur sempre un segnale.</p><p>Infine, c&#8217;&#232; il confronto con altri strumenti previsionali. Sondaggi, modelli statistici, analisi qualitative. I prediction market spesso performano meglio perch&#233; aggiornano continuamente la probabilit&#224;. <strong>Un sondaggio &#232; una fotografia statica, il mercato &#232; un flusso continuo.</strong> Ma questo non significa che siano sempre superiori. In contesti dove l&#8217;informazione &#232; scarsa o distorta, anche il mercato pu&#242; sbagliare. Se provi a mettere insieme questi elementi, quello che emerge non &#232; uno strumento magico ma un&#8217;infrastruttura con caratteristiche precise: veloce, reattiva, incentivata economicamente, ma anche imperfetta, sensibile alla liquidit&#224; e alla composizione degli operatori.</p><p>Per chi lavora nei mercati o nella consulenza, l&#8217;utilizzo concreto non &#232; seguire queste probabilit&#224; come fossero previsioni definitive. Conoscerle &#232; cosa buona e giusta, oltre che affiancarle ad altre fonti. Guardare dove divergono, quando si muovono, come reagiscono alle informazioni; in alcuni casi anticipano, in altri inseguono. In alcuni casi segnalano qualcosa che il resto del mercato non ha ancora prezzato, in altri riflettono semplicemente il rumore.</p><p>&#200; un altro layer informativo, non l&#8217;unico, non il definitivo, ma abbastanza diverso da meritare attenzione, soprattutto adesso che la partecipazione &#232; in aumento e che piattaforme come Polymarket, stanno portando questi meccanismi fuori da una nicchia e dentro un contesto molto pi&#249; ampio. Globalizzazione informativa.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Back to 90s]]></title><description><![CDATA[The new Gulf War served as trigger, but groundwork for a resurgence in oil prices and inflation had already been laid]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/back-to-90s</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/back-to-90s</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 06:30:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af7b97a0-d840-4839-b68c-4b5c07451508_3799x2602.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In recent years, the global energy system has become more fragile, more vulnerable to shocks and less resilient than it appeared during the height of globalization. This means that when a supply risk emerges, price doesn&#8217;t merely react; it amplifies the signal. When oil prices move dramatically, they never do so in isolation: they bring with them a series of implications tend to unfold over time and market initially struggles to fully price in. <strong>It is not necessary for supply to be actually disrupted; it is enough for it to become uncertain.</strong> It is a dynamic has been seen many times throughout history and tends to repeat itself in the same way.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg" width="1456" height="650" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:650,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:142451,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/190706177?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WFXA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a63246-a79e-43dd-a888-fa7d91bf428f_1600x714.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Oman crude oil surpassed $150 per barrel during last week&#8217;s futures opening | ZH</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Il sistema energetico globale negli ultimi anni &#232; diventato pi&#249; fragile, pi&#249; esposto a shock, meno ridondante di quanto apparisse nel periodo della globalizzazione piena. Questo significa che quando emerge un rischio sull&#8217;offerta, il prezzo non si limita a reagire, ma amplifica il segnale. E quando il petrolio si muove in modo cos&#236; violento non lo fa mai in isolamento: si porta dietro una serie di implicazioni che tendono a svilupparsi nel tempo e che il mercato inizialmente fatica a prezzare nella loro interezza. <strong>Non serve che l&#8217;offerta venga realmente interrotta, &#232; sufficiente che diventi incerta.</strong> &#200; una dinamica che si &#232; vista pi&#249; volte nella storia e che tende a ripetersi sempre con le stesse modalit&#224;.</p><div><hr></div><h4>A look back at the past</h4><p><strong>In the 1970s</strong>, the Western world learned what it means to face an externally imposed energy constraint. The OPEC embargo was not merely a political event; it was a shock that changed the way inflation was generated and perceived. Prices rose because energy suddenly became more expensive and scarcer, from there the effect spread throughout the entire economic system. Central banks were unprepared to manage that kind of inflation, because it didn&#8217;t stem from domestic excesses but from an external constraint, and response came too late, with all the consequences entailed.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png" width="638" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:638,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:112020,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/190706177?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mZTm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fec852405-935f-48df-b461-3b4ae930badf_638x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The stagflation risk is here</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p><strong>In the 1990s</strong>, dynamics were less extreme but mechanism remained the same. The first Gulf War caused oil prices to double in a matter of months and the effect on inflation was immediate. It wasn&#8217;t a systemic crisis, but it was enough to tighten financial conditions and complicate the economic cycle at an already fragile stage. Even then, market initially underestimated the impact, convinced it was a temporary event, only to have to revise its expectations as shock spread to the real economy.</p><p><strong>In the 2000s</strong>, during the subprime mortgage crisis, oil prices reached even higher levels, but in that case the demand component played a more significant role, driven by global growth and expansion of emerging markets. However, even then, rising energy prices helped push inflation upward just as the system began to show signs of strain. The Federal Reserve found itself managing a complex balancing act, and timing of its decisions was shaped precisely by this tension between growth and inflation.</p><p><strong>The year 2020 deserves a separate mention</strong>, as it represents almost the opposite of all these dynamics. During the pandemic crisis, oil prices didn&#8217;t rise but plummeted, at times even falling into negative territory on the WTI, due to a simultaneous shock of falling demand and excess supply. In that case, energy acted as a deflationary force, helping to suppress prices and allowing central banks to intervene extremely aggressively without worrying about inflation.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png" width="850" height="619" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:619,&quot;width&quot;:850,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:427896,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/190706177?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_DTB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F068bedee-b67b-4964-8ad8-4eedab43b401_850x619.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The global energy balance hinges &#171;on the Gulf&#187;</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Ritorno al passato</h4><p><strong>Negli anni settanta</strong> il mondo occidentale ha imparato cosa significa avere un vincolo energetico imposto dall&#8217;esterno. L&#8217;embargo dell&#8217;OPEC non fu solo un evento politico, fu uno shock che cambi&#242; il modo in cui l&#8217;inflazione veniva generata e percepita. I prezzi salirono perch&#233; l&#8217;energia divent&#242; improvvisamente pi&#249; costosa e pi&#249; scarsa, e da l&#236; l&#8217;effetto si propag&#242; a tutto il sistema economico. Le banche centrali non erano preparate a gestire un&#8217;inflazione di quel tipo, perch&#233; non nasceva da eccessi interni ma da una restrizione esterna, e la risposta arriv&#242; in ritardo con tutte le conseguenze del caso.</p><p><strong>Negli anni novanta</strong> la dinamica fu meno estrema ma il meccanismo rimase lo stesso. La prima Guerra del Golfo port&#242; il petrolio a raddoppiare in pochi mesi e l&#8217;effetto sull&#8217;inflazione fu immediato. Non si tratt&#242; di una crisi sistemica, ma fu sufficiente per irrigidire le condizioni finanziarie e complicare il ciclo economico in una fase gi&#224; fragile. Il mercato anche allora inizialmente sottovalut&#242; l&#8217;impatto, convinto che si trattasse di un evento temporaneo, salvo poi dover rivedere le aspettative man mano che lo shock si trasmetteva all&#8217;economia reale.</p><p><strong>Negli anni duemila</strong> durante la crisi dei mutui subprime, il petrolio raggiunse livelli ancora pi&#249; elevati, ma l&#236; la componente di domanda giocava un ruolo pi&#249; importante, trainata dalla crescita globale e dall&#8217;espansione dei mercati emergenti. Tuttavia anche in quel caso l&#8217;aumento dei prezzi energetici contribu&#236; a spingere l&#8217;inflazione verso l&#8217;alto proprio mentre il sistema iniziava a mostrare segni di cedimento. La Federal Reserve si trov&#242; a gestire un equilibrio complesso, e il tempismo delle sue decisioni fu condizionato proprio da questa tensione tra crescita e inflazione.</p><p><strong>Una parentesi a parte merita il 2020</strong>, perch&#233; rappresenta quasi l&#8217;opposto di tutte queste dinamiche. Durante la crisi pandemica il petrolio non &#232; salito ma &#232; crollato, arrivando in alcuni momenti persino in territorio negativo sul WTI, a causa di uno shock simultaneo di domanda e di eccesso di offerta. In quel caso l&#8217;energia ha agito come forza deflattiva, contribuendo a comprimere i prezzi e permettendo alle banche centrali di intervenire in modo estremamente aggressivo senza preoccuparsi dell&#8217;inflazione.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Old Ghosts</h4><p>If we put the episodes described above together, a fairly clear pattern emerges: when oil prices rise significantly, inflation ceases to be a purely domestic phenomenon and once again becomes driven by external factors. This completely changes the nature of inflation itself. It is no longer something can be managed solely through domestic demand or the cost of money, but becomes the result of a constraint acting upstream of the economic system.</p><p>This is exactly what we are beginning to see today. The shift from $50 to $100 per barrel of oil is not just a matter of price; it is a signal that <strong>market is reintroducing a premium for energy risk had been progressively compressed in recent years.</strong> For a long time, it was taken for granted that energy was available, accessible, and relatively stable. This allowed for the construction of an entire macroeconomic framework based on low inflation, low interest rates and a certain predictability in economic dynamics. When this assumption breaks down, even just partially, everything else begins to shift.</p><p>Inflation is the first point of transmission. Energy permeates everything, not just direct consumption but the entire cost structure of businesses. <strong>Initially, companies try to absorb the increase by squeezing margins, but this process has its limits.</strong> When prices remain high, or continue to rise, pressure shifts to final prices. It is a gradual but persistent mechanism, and above all, it is difficult to reverse quickly because once prices are adjusted, they rarely come back down at the same speed.</p><p>Over the past two years, the idea had taken hold that inflation was a problem on the verge of being resolved, something would follow a fairly steady downward trajectory. However, this scenario assumed the most volatile components, particularly energy, would remain under control. With oil prices doubling in just a few months, this assumption is losing ground. Even if inflation doesn&#8217;t spike immediately, its underlying dynamics are changing. It becomes less predictable, more sensitive to shocks, and more difficult to bring back to target levels in a stable manner.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg" width="1166" height="1138" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1138,&quot;width&quot;:1166,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122238,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/190706177?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p0_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e6c46da-5dbb-46bf-9a1a-5bf158d0ed9e_1166x1138.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>In a sudden turn of events, US 12-month inflation expectations have surged to 5.2%, the highest level since March 2023 | Bloomberg</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Vecchi fantasmi</h4><p>Se si mettono insieme gli episodi sopra descritti, emerge una costante abbastanza chiara: quando il petrolio accelera in modo significativo, l&#8217;inflazione smette di essere un fenomeno puramente domestico e torna a essere guidata da fattori esterni. Questo cambia completamente la qualit&#224; dell&#8217;inflazione stessa. Non &#232; pi&#249; qualcosa che pu&#242; essere gestito solo attraverso la domanda interna o il costo del denaro, ma diventa il risultato di un vincolo che agisce a monte del sistema economico.</p><p>&#200; esattamente quello che si sta iniziando a vedere oggi. Il movimento da 50 a 100 dollari del petrolio non &#232; solo una questione di prezzo, &#232; il segnale che <strong>il mercato sta reintroducendo un premio per il rischio energetico che negli ultimi anni era stato progressivamente compresso</strong>. Per molto tempo si &#232; dato per scontato che l&#8217;energia fosse disponibile, accessibile, relativamente stabile. Questo ha permesso di costruire un intero impianto macro basato su inflazione bassa, tassi contenuti e una certa prevedibilit&#224; delle dinamiche economiche. Quando questa assunzione viene meno, anche solo in parte, tutto il resto inizia a muoversi.</p><p>L&#8217;inflazione &#232; il primo punto di trasmissione. L&#8217;energia entra ovunque, non solo nei consumi diretti ma in tutta la struttura dei costi delle imprese. <strong>In una prima fase le aziende cercano di assorbire l&#8217;aumento comprimendo i margini</strong>, ma questo processo ha un limite. Quando il prezzo resta elevato, o continua a salire, la pressione si trasferisce sui prezzi finali. &#200; un meccanismo graduale ma persistente, e soprattutto &#232; difficile da invertire rapidamente perch&#233; una volta che i prezzi vengono adeguati difficilmente tornano indietro con la stessa velocit&#224;.</p><p>Negli ultimi due anni si era creata l&#8217;idea che l&#8217;inflazione fosse un problema in via di risoluzione, qualcosa che avrebbe seguito una traiettoria discendente abbastanza regolare. Questo scenario presupponeva per&#242; che le componenti pi&#249; instabili, in particolare l&#8217;energia, rimanessero sotto controllo. Con il petrolio che raddoppia in pochi mesi questa ipotesi perde consistenza. Anche se l&#8217;inflazione non esplode immediatamente, cambia la sua dinamica di fondo. Diventa meno prevedibile, pi&#249; sensibile agli shock, pi&#249; difficile da riportare su livelli target in modo stabile.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The domino effect on Central Banks</h4><p>This is where central banks come into play, and this is where things really get complicated. In the United States, Federal Reserve finds itself in a position that, in some ways, resembles situations seen in the past. On the first hand, there is an economy beginning to slow under the weight of already high interest rates; on the other, there is the risk that inflation will stop falling or even rise again due to energy costs. <strong>In such a situation, monetary policy loses much of its effectiveness.</strong> Raising rates doesn&#8217;t solve the root of problem, but lowering them too soon risks legitimizing a higher level of inflation.</p><p>Historically, in these phases, Fed tends to move with great caution, often maintaining a restrictive stance longer than expected. Not necessarily to directly fight the energy shock, but to prevent it from turning into a rise in inflation expectations. It is a subtle but fundamental difference, because expectations are what can make a shock temporary or turn it into something persistent.</p><p>In Europe, the situation is different. <strong>Eurozone doesn&#8217;t have the same energy independence as United States, and this means every rise in oil prices is reflected more directly in the real economy.</strong> The European Central Bank therefore finds itself managing inflation that may be fueled by external factors while growth remains weak. It is a combination drastically reduces room for maneuver, because every choice has a clear cost. Cutting rates too soon risks reigniting price pressures; keeping them high for too long risks further squeezing an already fragile economy.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg" width="1100" height="879" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:879,&quot;width&quot;:1100,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:107539,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/190706177?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fNh-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8825424-a809-49dc-80f1-90d29f26573d_1100x879.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>360-degree rotation and sudden change | LSEG, Reuters</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>L&#8217;effetto domino sulle Banche Centrali</h4><p>A questo punto entrano in gioco le banche centrali, ed &#232; qui che il quadro si complica davvero. Negli Stati Uniti la Federal Reserve si trova in una posizione che ricorda, per certi versi, momenti gi&#224; visti in passato. Da un lato c&#8217;&#232; un&#8217;economia che inizia a rallentare sotto il peso di tassi gi&#224; elevati, dall&#8217;altro c&#8217;&#232; il rischio che l&#8217;inflazione smetta di scendere o addirittura risalga a causa dell&#8217;energia. <strong>In una situazione del genere la politica monetaria perde gran parte della sua efficacia.</strong> Alzare i tassi non risolve il problema alla radice, ma abbassarli troppo presto rischia di legittimare un livello di inflazione pi&#249; alto.</p><p>Storicamente, in queste fasi, la Fed tende a muoversi con grande cautela, spesso mantenendo una postura restrittiva pi&#249; a lungo del previsto. Non necessariamente per combattere direttamente lo shock energetico, ma per evitare che questo si trasformi in un aumento delle aspettative di inflazione. &#200; una differenza sottile ma fondamentale, perch&#233; le aspettative sono ci&#242; che pu&#242; rendere temporaneo uno shock oppure trasformarlo in qualcosa di persistente.</p><p>In Europa il discorso &#232; ancora pi&#249; delicato. <strong>L&#8217;Eurozona non ha la stessa autonomia energetica degli Stati Uniti e questo significa che ogni aumento del petrolio si riflette in modo pi&#249; diretto sull&#8217;economia reale.</strong> La Banca Centrale Europea si trova quindi a gestire un&#8217;inflazione che pu&#242; essere alimentata da fattori esterni mentre la crescita resta debole. &#200; una combinazione che riduce drasticamente lo spazio di manovra, perch&#233; qualsiasi scelta ha un costo evidente. Tagliare i tassi troppo presto rischia di riaccendere le pressioni sui prezzi, mantenerli alti troppo a lungo rischia di comprimere ulteriormente un&#8217;economia gi&#224; fragile.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Instability &amp; volatility: deadly combination or a temporary problem?</h4><p>This tension is typical of periods when inflation is driven by energy prices. It is not a new situation, but the market had ceased to view as central. Over the past fifteen years, a certain confidence has developed in central banks&#8217; ability to control the economic cycle, intervene in a timely manner and stabilize inflationary trends. Today, this confidence is being put to the test, because the shock stems from a variable that cannot be controlled using traditional tools.</p><p>The result is a more unstable system, not necessarily in crisis, but certainly less linear. Interest rate expectations become more volatile, inflation forecasts more scattered and markets more sensitive to every geopolitical development. It is a change is occurring gradually but tends to solidify over time. Looking back, every phase of a sharp rise in oil prices has produced effects that extended well beyond the initial moment. Extreme scenarios didn&#8217;t always materialize, but these were rarely isolated incidents. <strong>Energy prices have always had the capacity to profoundly influence the economic cycle</strong>, because they act as a base cost for the entire system.</p><p>Today we are in a phase where this mechanism is reactivating. It is not yet clear how far it will develop, but it is already evident that the context has changed. The greatest risk is to continue thinking as if nothing has changed, expecting a rapid return to an equilibrium likely no longer exists in the same form.</p><p>Frankly, I think that, despite all this uncertainty, we&#8217;ll end the year above opening levels, even if this won&#8217;t meet investors&#8217; expectations of double-digit returns. While it is true returns are eroding, it is equally true that conditions for those entering the market today are more attractive, thanks in part to a correction in multiples had long been difficult to sustain. Despite this, market is steadily adapting to a context in which energy is once again becoming a central variable. And when that happens, everything else ceases to be as stable as before. It&#8217;s best to get used to it, quickly.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg" width="1348" height="1683" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1683,&quot;width&quot;:1348,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:306719,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/190706177?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Obj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b3417d9-b751-422a-b7a1-7be506d53a40_1348x1683.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>How geopolitical events affect oil prices | Investing</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Instabilit&#224; e volatilit&#224;: mix letale o problema passeggero?</h4><p>Questa tensione &#232; tipica delle fasi in cui l&#8217;inflazione &#232; guidata dall&#8217;energia. Non &#232; una situazione nuova, ma &#232; una situazione che il mercato aveva smesso di considerare come centrale. Negli ultimi quindici anni si &#232; sviluppata una certa fiducia nella capacit&#224; delle banche centrali di controllare il ciclo economico, di intervenire in modo tempestivo e di stabilizzare le dinamiche inflattive. Oggi questa fiducia viene messa alla prova, perch&#233; lo shock arriva da una variabile che non pu&#242; essere controllata con gli strumenti tradizionali.</p><p>Il risultato &#232; un sistema pi&#249; instabile, non necessariamente in crisi, ma sicuramente meno lineare. Le aspettative sui tassi diventano pi&#249; volatili, le previsioni sull&#8217;inflazione pi&#249; disperse, i mercati pi&#249; sensibili a ogni sviluppo geopolitico. &#200; un cambiamento che avviene gradualmente, ma che tende a consolidarsi nel tempo. Se si guarda al passato, ogni fase di forte rialzo del petrolio ha prodotto effetti che si sono estesi ben oltre il momento iniziale. Non sempre si &#232; arrivati a scenari estremi, ma raramente si &#232; trattato di episodi isolati. <strong>Il prezzo dell&#8217;energia ha sempre avuto la capacit&#224; di influenzare il ciclo economico in modo profondo</strong>, proprio perch&#233; agisce come un costo di base per l&#8217;intero sistema.</p><p>Oggi siamo in una fase in cui questo meccanismo si sta riattivando. Non &#232; ancora chiaro fino a che punto si svilupper&#224;, ma &#232; gi&#224; evidente che il contesto &#232; cambiato. Il rischio pi&#249; grande &#232; continuare a ragionare come se nulla fosse cambiato, aspettandosi un ritorno rapido a un equilibrio che probabilmente non esiste pi&#249; nelle stesse forme.</p><p>Francamente penso che, nonostante tutta questa incertezza, alla fine dell&#8217;anno ci ritroveremo sopra i livelli di apertura, anche se questo non soddisfer&#224; le aspettative di performance a doppia cifra degli investitori. Se &#232; vero che i rendimenti si stanno erodendo, &#232; altrettanto vero che le condizioni per chi entra oggi sono pi&#249; interessanti, anche grazie a un ridimensionamento di multipli che per lungo tempo sono stati difficili da sostenere. Nonostante questo, il mercato si sta adattando in modo costante a un contesto in cui l&#8217;energia torna a essere una variabile centrale. E quando questo accade, tutto il resto smette di essere stabile come prima. Conviene abituarsi, in fretta.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Global Intelligence Dilemma]]></title><description><![CDATA[Citrini Research and Citadel Securities: divergent assumptions, shared uncertainty]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-global-intelligence-dilemma</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-global-intelligence-dilemma</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 06:30:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/54c66fb2-d6e9-42f8-a9f2-9595fe3b2135_4896x3264.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In recent weeks, debate on the future of work in the era of Artificial Intelligence has intensified beyond its usual tone. Two high-quality contributions, in particular, have captured the attention of market participants. On one side, the incisive analysis by <strong><a href="https://www.citriniresearch.com/p/2028gic">Citrini Research</a></strong> outlines a scenario described as a &#171;Global Intelligence Crisis&#187;, with potentially destabilizing repercussions for employment, consumption and overall macroeconomic stability. On the other, the pointed rebuttal published by <strong><a href="https://www.citadelsecurities.com/news-and-insights/2026-global-intelligence-crisis/">Citadel Securities</a></strong> substantially downplays the more pessimistic forecast framework, emphasizing current data and historical dynamics of technological transitions.</p><p>This debate is not merely academic. In an environment characterized by elevated volatility, recurring sell-offs, and acute sensitivity to AI-driven themes, prevailing narrative directly influences earnings expectations, risk premia and allocation decisions of both public and private capital. For this reason, the issue warrants a rigorous assessment capable of distinguishing between rhetorical amplification and probabilistic scenario analysis.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic" width="1456" height="853" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uKzy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7daf5fc-ea89-43ca-a1bd-4a4d3c0aec7a_2010x1178.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The 2 most important articles of past few weeks for the financial community</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Nelle ultime settimane il dibattito sul futuro del lavoro nell&#8217;era dell&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale ha assunto toni pi&#249; accesi del consueto. Due contributi eccellenti, in particolare, hanno catalizzato l&#8217;attenzione degli operatori: da un lato l&#8217;analisi tagliente di <strong><a href="https://www.citriniresearch.com/p/2028gic">Citrini Research</a></strong>, che prospetta uno scenario di &#171;<em>Global Intelligence Crisis</em>&#187; con potenziali ricadute destabilizzanti su occupazione, consumi e stabilit&#224; macroeconomica; dall&#8217;altro la replica piccante pubblicata da <strong><a href="https://www.citadelsecurities.com/news-and-insights/2026-global-intelligence-crisis/">Citadel Securities</a></strong>, che ridimensiona drasticamente l&#8217;impianto previsionale pi&#249; cupo, richiamando i dati correnti e la dinamica storica delle transizioni tecnologiche.</p><p>Il confronto non &#232; meramente accademico. In un contesto di volatilit&#224; crescente, <em>sell-off</em> ricorrenti e sensibilit&#224; estrema ai temi <em>AI-driven</em>, la narrativa incide direttamente sulle aspettative di utili, sui premi per il rischio e sulle scelte di allocazione di capitali pubblici e privati. Per questo merita un&#8217;analisi rigorosa, che separi la suggestione dallo scenario probabilistico.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The pessimistic thesis: substitution and employment shock</h4><p>Citrini&#8217;s framework is built on the assumption of structural discontinuity. Generative AI and cognitive automation systems would not be absorbed along a linear or gradual trajectory, but rather through a regime shift. Under this scenario, <strong>the substitution of human labor</strong>, particularly in mid and high-skilled segments, <strong>could occur at a pace exceeding that of previous technological revolutions</strong>, compressing aggregate demand and triggering a negative feedback loop: lower income, weaker consumption, reduced investment and mounting pressure on corporate earnings.</p><p>The core argument is that AI doesn&#8217;t merely augment human capital productivity; it replicates entire cognitive functions. If technology evolves into a substitute rather than a complement to labor, elasticity of substitution between capital and labor increases, with potentially deflationary and redistributive effects. The systemic risk would not only arise from job losses, but from the speed of adjustment process, which could outpace the economy&#8217;s capacity for reabsorption and reallocation.</p><p>While theoretically coherent, this interpretation currently suffers from an empirical limitation: it presupposes a non-linear, near-exponential adoption curve that is not yet fully supported by the available macroeconomic and microeconomic data.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://x.com/jack/status/2027129697092731343?s=20" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic" width="1172" height="592" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!No-k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d52409-95b1-4e5b-afe2-3bb301f5cd65_1172x592.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Jack Dorsey is on the same wave and is cutting Block by 40%: 4,000 employees will be laid off, while the stock soars 20%. Reason? AI | X</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>La tesi pessimista: sostituzione e shock occupazionale</h4><p>L&#8217;impostazione di Citrini si fonda su un&#8217;ipotesi di discontinuit&#224;. L&#8217;IA generativa e i sistemi di automazione cognitiva non verrebbero assimilati secondo una traiettoria lineare o graduale, ma attraverso un salto di regime. In questo quadro, <strong>la sostituzione del lavoro umano</strong>, in particolare nei segmenti a media e alta qualificazione, <strong>potrebbe avvenire pi&#249; rapidamente rispetto alle precedenti rivoluzioni tecnologiche</strong>, comprimendo la domanda aggregata e innescando un circolo vizioso: minori redditi, minori consumi, riduzione degli investimenti, pressione sugli utili societari.</p><p>L&#8217;argomento centrale &#232; che l&#8217;IA non si limita a potenziare la produttivit&#224; del capitale umano, ma ne replica intere funzioni cognitive. Se la tecnologia diventa un sostituto e non un complemento, l&#8217;elasticit&#224; di sostituzione tra capitale e lavoro cresce, con effetti potenzialmente deflazionistici e redistributivi. Il rischio sistemico non deriverebbe solo dalla perdita di posti di lavoro, ma dalla rapidit&#224; del processo, che potrebbe superare la capacit&#224; di riassorbimento del sistema economico.</p><p>Questa lettura, pur coerente dal punto di vista teorico, soffre per&#242;, almeno allo stato attuale, di una debolezza empirica: presuppone un&#8217;adozione non lineare, quasi esponenziale, che ancora non trova riscontro pieno nei dati macro e microeconomici disponibili.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Gradual adoption and a positive supply shock</h4><p>Citadel Securities&#8217; response rests on a straightforward empirical observation: <strong>current metrics don&#8217;t point to an imminent employment crisis.</strong> The U.S. unemployment rate stands at approximately 4.3%, a level consistent with a still-resilient labor market. AI-related capital expenditure, estimated at roughly $650 billion, around 2% of GDP, is substantial, but not yet of a magnitude that would imply an immediate structural break.</p><p>Moreover, demand for software engineers and related technical profiles remains robust. If AI were already displacing skilled labor on a large scale, you would expect visible weakness in these segments. Instead, <strong>adoption appears to be following an &#171;S-curve&#187; trajectory</strong>, similar to the diffusion patterns observed with the personal computer and Internet: an initial phase of enthusiasm, gradual penetration, consolidation and eventual integration into production processes.</p><p>From this perspective, AI primarily represents a positive supply shock. By lowering marginal costs and enhancing total factor productivity, it expands potential output and, over the mid-term, supports higher real incomes. For a negative shock to materialize, would need to observe rapid, simultaneous and large-scale adoption combined with a high substitution rate, conditions that current data don&#8217;t substantiate.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m_3N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F610fe591-edc1-4d6f-bc6a-0650e73491c4_1472x1114.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m_3N!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F610fe591-edc1-4d6f-bc6a-0650e73491c4_1472x1114.heic 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m_3N!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F610fe591-edc1-4d6f-bc6a-0650e73491c4_1472x1114.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m_3N!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F610fe591-edc1-4d6f-bc6a-0650e73491c4_1472x1114.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m_3N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F610fe591-edc1-4d6f-bc6a-0650e73491c4_1472x1114.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m_3N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F610fe591-edc1-4d6f-bc6a-0650e73491c4_1472x1114.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Adozione graduale e shock di offerta positivo</h4><p>La risposta di Citadel Securities si fonda su un&#8217;osservazione semplice: <strong>le metriche correnti non indicano una crisi occupazionale imminente.</strong> Il tasso di disoccupazione statunitense si colloca intorno al 4,3%, livello compatibile con un mercato del lavoro ancora resiliente. La spesa in conto capitale legata all&#8217;IA, circa 650 miliardi di dollari, pari a circa il 2% del PIL, &#232; significativa, ma non ancora tale da configurare un cambiamento strutturale istantaneo.</p><p>Inoltre, la domanda di ingegneri software e figure tecniche correlate rimane sostenuta. Se l&#8217;IA stesse gi&#224; distruggendo lavoro qualificato su larga scala, ci si attenderebbe un indebolimento visibile in questi segmenti. Al contrario, <strong>l&#8217;adozione sembra seguire una curva a &#171;S&#187;</strong>, analoga a quella osservata per il personal computer o per Internet: fase iniziale di entusiasmo, progressiva diffusione, consolidamento, integrazione nei processi produttivi.</p><p>Da questa prospettiva, l&#8217;IA genera prevalentemente uno shock di offerta positivo. Riducendo i costi marginali e aumentando la produttivit&#224; totale dei fattori, amplia il potenziale di crescita e, nel medio periodo, accresce i redditi reali. Perch&#233; si produca uno shock negativo, sarebbe necessaria un&#8217;adozione simultanea, rapida e massiccia accompagnata da un tasso di sostituzione molto elevato, scenario che i dati attuali non supportano.</p><div><hr></div><h4>A middle ground between alarmism and optimism</h4><p>Both positions, however, risk falling into a form of technological determinism. The more pessimistic view tends to extrapolate AI&#8217;s technical capabilities directly onto labor markets, without adequately accounting for regulatory frictions, implementation costs, organizational constraints and cultural resistance. The more optimistic stance, conversely, may underestimate the cumulative nature of technological progress and presence of threshold effects: up to a certain point, the impact appears marginal; beyond that threshold, it can become systemic.</p><p><strong>Economic history indicates technological revolutions generate both job destruction and job creation.</strong> The decisive variable is adjustment timeline. If the creation of new roles and industries occurs with a limited lag relative to the obsolescence of existing ones, the net impact is positive. If the lag widens, social and political tensions tend to emerge.</p><p>In the case of AI, the key issue is not whether labor will be displaced, some functions undoubtedly will be, but rather the speed of displacement and its sectoral and geographic distribution. Exposure is uneven across industries. Routine, modifiable and repetitive tasks are more vulnerable, whereas activities with a strong relational, creative, or regulatory component are less exposed in the short term.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic" width="1200" height="1560" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1560,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:202433,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/189297985?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQU0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84b5d542-0660-47aa-b126-c7dec60a9dab_1200x1560.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Will AI Replace Jobs? Survey Results from 21 Countries | Visual Capitalist</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Una via di mezzo tra allarmismo e ottimismo</h4><p>Entrambe le posizioni, tuttavia, rischiano un eccesso di determinismo. La versione pi&#249; pessimista tende a proiettare in linea retta le capacit&#224; tecniche dell&#8217;IA sui mercati del lavoro, senza considerare frizioni regolamentari, costi di implementazione, vincoli organizzativi e resistenze culturali. La versione pi&#249; ottimista, invece, potrebbe sottostimare la natura cumulativa dei progressi tecnologici e l&#8217;effetto soglia: fino a un certo punto l&#8217;impatto &#232; marginale, oltre quel punto pu&#242; diventare sistemico.</p><p><strong>La storia economica suggerisce che le rivoluzioni tecnologiche producono sia distruzione sia creazione di lavoro.</strong> La variabile decisiva &#232; il tempo di aggiustamento: se la creazione di nuove mansioni e settori avviene con un lag ridotto rispetto alla distruzione di quelli obsoleti, l&#8217;impatto netto &#232; positivo, se il lag si amplia, emergono tensioni sociali e politiche.</p><p>Nel caso dell&#8217;IA, la questione cruciale non &#232; tanto se sostituir&#224; lavoro (lo far&#224; in alcune funzioni), ma a quale velocit&#224; e con quale distribuzione settoriale e geografica. Non tutti i comparti sono esposti allo stesso modo: le attivit&#224; routinarie, codificabili, ripetitive sono pi&#249; vulnerabili, mentre quelle ad alta componente relazionale, creativa o regolamentata lo sono meno nel breve termine.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Implications for investors, institutions and final considerations</h4><p>For investors, the primary risk is narrative distortion. Markets tend to price in extreme scenarios and visionary multiples, generating overshooting in both euphoric and panic phases. <strong>The sell-off triggered by more alarmist theses illustrates how deeply AI-related expectations are already embedded in market valuations,</strong> particularly within technology and semiconductor sectors. A disciplined approach requires distinguishing between hype and cash flow generation: valuations must be anchored to a company&#8217;s actual capacity to translate AI adoption into margin expansion, cost efficiencies or revenue growth.</p><p>Capital allocation should prioritize firms with defensible competitive advantages, proprietary infrastructure and demonstrable ability to integrate AI into core processes, rather than purely thematic exposure. At the same time, ignoring displacement risk would be short-sighted. Sectors characterized by high administrative labor intensity or standardized cognitive tasks may face margin compression and employment pressure. Selection therefore becomes central: not AI yes or no, but which business models are complementary to the technology and which are potentially replaceable.</p><p>For institutions, the issue is more complex. If AI primarily constitutes a positive supply shock, <strong>policy priorities should focus on facilitating adoption, investing in education and training and reducing bureaucratic barriers.</strong> Should accelerated substitution risks materialize, more assertive transition policies would be required: targeted reskilling programs, adaptive social safety nets and incentives for development of emerging sectors. In both scenarios, strategic lever is human capital. Investment in digital competencies and in the capacity to embed AI within productive processes reduces the probability of a crisis outcome. Technology itself doesn&#8217;t determine the trajectory; institutional ecosystem surrounding it does.</p><p>The contrast between Citrini Research&#8217;s pessimistic outlook and Citadel Securities&#8217; more reassuring counterargument doesn&#8217;t yield a definitive conclusion, but it clarifies a key point: <strong>the future of work in the AI era is not predetermined.</strong> Current data don&#8217;t confirm an imminent employment shock, yet neither do they justify complacency. For investors, analytical discipline must prevail over narrative momentum; for policymakers, preparedness must precede disruption. <strong>AI can function as a multiplier of productivity and welfare, or as a source of instability if the transition is mismanaged.</strong> The ultimate outcome remains open, and what appears decisive is the speed of adaptation, by firms, workers and political systems alike.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4647444,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/189297985?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NckO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaace17c-5615-4475-8ff7-9f38af8d583e_6960x4640.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Will the new world on-demand replace humans?</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Implicazioni per investitori, istituzioni e considerazioni finali</h4><p>Per gli investitori, il rischio principale &#232; quello narrativo. I mercati tendono a scontare scenari estremi e multipli visionari, generando <em>overshooting</em> sia in fase di euforia sia in fase di panico. <strong>Il </strong><em><strong>sell-off</strong></em><strong> innescato dalle tesi pi&#249; allarmistiche dimostra quanto le aspettative sull&#8217;IA siano ormai integrate nei multipli di mercato</strong>, in particolare nei settori tecnologici e semiconduttori. Un approccio disciplinato richiede di distinguere tra hype e flussi di cassa: le valutazioni devono essere ricondotte alla capacit&#224; effettiva delle imprese di tradurre l&#8217;IA in incremento di margini, riduzione dei costi o espansione dei ricavi.</p><p>L&#8217;allocazione del capitale dovrebbe privilegiare aziende con vantaggi competitivi difendibili, infrastrutture proprietarie e capacit&#224; di integrazione dell&#8217;IA nei processi core, piuttosto che esposizioni puramente tematiche. Allo stesso tempo, ignorare il rischio di dislocazione sarebbe miope: settori ad alta intensit&#224; di lavoro amministrativo o cognitivo standardizzato potrebbero subire pressioni sui margini e sull&#8217;occupazione. La selezione diventa quindi centrale: non IA si o no, ma quali modelli di business sono complementari alla tecnologia e quali ne sono potenzialmente sostituibili.</p><p>Per le istituzioni, il tema &#232; pi&#249; complesso. Se l&#8217;IA rappresenta prevalentemente uno shock di offerta positivo, <strong>la priorit&#224; diventa favorirne l&#8217;adozione, investire in formazione e ridurre le barriere burocratiche.</strong> Se invece il rischio di sostituzione accelerata dovesse materializzarsi, occorrerebbero politiche di transizione pi&#249; incisive: riqualificazione professionale, ammortizzatori sociali mirati, incentivi alla creazione di nuovi settori. In entrambi i casi, la leva strategica &#232; il capitale umano. L&#8217;investimento in competenze digitali e nella capacit&#224; di integrare l&#8217;IA nei processi produttivi riduce la probabilit&#224; di uno scenario di crisi. La tecnologia, in s&#233;, non determina l&#8217;esito; lo determina l&#8217;ecosistema istituzionale che la accompagna.</p><p>Il confronto tra la visione pessimista di Citrini Research e la replica pi&#249; rassicurante di Citadel Securities non offre una risposta definitiva, ma chiarisce un punto: <strong>il futuro del lavoro nell&#8217;era dell&#8217;IA non &#232; predeterminato.</strong> I dati attuali non confermano uno shock occupazionale imminente, ma nemmeno autorizzano a escluderlo con leggerezza. Per gli investitori, la disciplina analitica deve prevalere sulla narrativa; per le istituzioni, la preparazione deve precedere l&#8217;emergenza. <strong>L&#8217;IA pu&#242; essere un moltiplicatore di produttivit&#224; e benessere, oppure un fattore di instabilit&#224; se la transizione non &#232; governata.</strong> Il giudizio finale resta aperto e ci&#242; che appare certo &#232; che la velocit&#224; di adattamento, delle imprese, dei lavoratori e dei sistemi politici, sar&#224; la variabile decisiva.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[From Zero to Hero: How to Plan an Investment]]></title><description><![CDATA[From strategy to execution: method, discipline and risk management to build long-term value]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/from-zero-to-hero-how-to-plan-an</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/from-zero-to-hero-how-to-plan-an</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 06:30:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4e0ae48e-662b-4d6e-8766-57ef099e9422_5999x3595.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When considering where to invest, we almost always start with the instrument. Stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, money market funds, gold yes or no and bank accounts. Apart from cases of inheritance, accumulated wealth, or sale assets for cash, for those starting to invest, factor that determines the portfolio structure is not the instrument but annual savings flow. This is what defines the pace at which wealth is built and, consequently, the type of risk that is rational to take.</p><p>Investing 100, 1,000, or 10,000 dollars per month is not simply a difference in scale: it is a suit must be tailored to the investor, taking into account their economic and psychological capabilities, available firepower and resilience in following the path when wind turns against them. After all, <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/welcome">in this blog</a> I have analyzed in depth how the emotional component tends to prevail over the tightly technical one in investment choices. Having established this, it is appropriate to shift the focus to a truly holistic assessment: an approach coherently integrates all relevant variables, avoiding partial readings.</p><p>From this perspective, the four fundamental pillars that determine efficient capital allocation, i.e., the factors that, when combined correctly, allow for the construction of a solid, sustainable portfolio structure consistent with long-term objectives, are: <strong>annual cash flow, accumulated wealth, effective time horizon, tolerance for volatility.</strong></p><p>If one of these factors changes, the portfolio structure also changes. Let&#8217;s try to build a thorough argument, separating three cases and going beyond the surface, starting from 12, the number divides the year in a way that is perfectly consistent with the most common way of investing in the world: accumulating monthly.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:117421,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185630131?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QCm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f063efd-b82d-4b69-b698-8c215e57cc24_1536x1024.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>&#171;The first rule of compounding: never interrupt it unnecessarily&#187; &#8212; Charlie Munger</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Quando si ragiona su dove investire, si parte quasi sempre dallo strumento. Azioni, obbligazioni, ETF, fondi comuni, fondi monetari, oro s&#236;, oro no e conti deposito. A parte casi di eredit&#224;, ricchezza accumulata o cessione di beni in cambio di denaro, per chi inizia ad investire la variabile che determina l&#8217;architettura del portafoglio non &#232; lo strumento ma il flusso di risparmio annuale. &#200; quello che definisce il ritmo con cui si costruisce il patrimonio e, di conseguenza, il tipo di rischio che &#232; razionale assumere.</p><p>Investire 100, 1.000 o 10.000 euro al mese non &#232; semplicemente una differenza di scala: &#232; un vestito che va cucito su misura sull&#8217;investitore, tenendo conto delle capacit&#224; economiche e psicologiche, sulla potenza di fuoco disponibile e sulla resilienza nel seguire la rotta quando il vento diventa contrario. Del resto, <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/welcome">in questo blog</a> ho analizzato in modo approfondito quanto la componente emotiva tenda a prevalere su quella strettamente tecnica nelle scelte di investimento. Assodato questo aspetto, &#232; opportuno spostare l&#8217;attenzione su una valutazione realmente olistica: un approccio che integri in modo coerente tutte le variabili rilevanti, evitando letture parziali.</p><p>In questa prospettiva, i quattro pilastri fondamentali che determinano un&#8217;allocazione efficiente del capitale, ossia i fattori che, combinati correttamente, consentono di costruire una struttura di portafoglio solida, sostenibile e coerente con gli obiettivi di lungo periodo, sono: <strong>entit&#224; del flusso annuo, patrimonio gi&#224; accumulato, orizzonte temporale effettivo, tolleranza alla volatilit&#224;.</strong></p><p>Se uno di questi fattori cambia, cambia anche la struttura del portafoglio. Proviamo quindi a costruire un ragionamento approfondito, separando i tre casi e andando oltre la superficie, partendo da 12, ovvero quel numero quello capace di dividere l&#8217;anno in maniera perfettamente coerente con il modo di investire pi&#249; comune al mondo: accumulando mensilmente.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Building when you don&#8217;t (yet) have capital: $100/month</h4><p>$100 per month is the typical amount for those who are at the beginning of their working life or emerging from a period of unstable income. At this point, accumulated wealth is limited and real lever is not initial capital, but time. The math is simple: if capital is small but horizon is long, average annual return outweighs annual volatility. Over 30-40 year horizons, global equities have historically produced positive real returns in most of time windows analyzed. For this reason, <strong>a consistent strategy is to activate an accumulation plan on a broad global index.</strong></p><p>Here, you are not choosing a sector or a thematic bet, but rather buying a share of the global economy, spread across thousands of companies. The idea is to reduce specific risk and take on systemic risk, which is rewarded in the long term. One of the main mistakes I see people making during allocations is being too specific and sector-focused, failing to follow the golden rule I discussed in a <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/why-investment-is-a-solved-problem">recent article</a> on <em>Index Investing</em>.</p><p>Let&#8217;s take an example. A 25-year-old investor pays $100 per month for 40 years; therefore, their total payments will be $48,000, with an average return of 7% per annum, the final capital exceeds $240,000. Even with an average return of 5%, total exceeds $150,000. The result doesn&#8217;t depend on an exceptional year, but on consistency and compound capitalization: last ten years of the period generate more value than the first twenty.</p><p>The risk at this stage is not so much financial as behavioral. If there is a 25% decline in the first three years and investor interrupts the plan, destroy the statistical advantage of accumulation plan. From a technical point of view, <strong>Dollar Cost Averaging works because it buys more shares when prices fall and fewer when they rise, reducing the average cost price.</strong> But it only works if it is continuous. Adding bonds at this stage is possible, but often inefficient: it reduces volatility, but also reduces the expected return at time when volatility can be absorbed by time. If the horizon exceeds 25 years, total equity allocation is statistically consistent with the goal of maximizing final capital.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic" width="1200" height="1830" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjim!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5bd4555-8b8f-422b-9503-96b5600f0f07_1200x1830.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The power of compound interest and regular contributions over time | Visual Capitalist</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Costruire quando non c&#8217;&#232; (ancora) il capitale: 100&#8364;/mese</h4><p>100 euro al mese &#232; la cifra tipica di chi &#232; all&#8217;inizio della propria vita lavorativa o sta uscendo da una fase di reddito instabile. In questo momento il patrimonio accumulato &#232; limitato e la vera leva non &#232; il capitale iniziale, ma il tempo. La matematica &#232; semplice: se il capitale &#232; piccolo ma l&#8217;orizzonte &#232; lungo, il rendimento medio annuo pesa pi&#249; della volatilit&#224; annuale. Su orizzonti di 30&#8211;40 anni, l&#8217;azionario globale ha storicamente prodotto rendimenti reali positivi nella maggior parte delle finestre temporali analizzate. Per questo motivo, <strong>una strategia coerente consiste nell&#8217;attivare un piano di accumulo su un indice globale ampio</strong>.</p><p>Qui non si sta scegliendo un settore o una scommessa tematica, bens&#236; si sta acquistando una quota dell&#8217;economia mondiale, distribuita tra migliaia di societ&#224;. La logica &#232; ridurre il rischio specifico e assumere il rischio sistemico, che nel lungo periodo &#232; quello remunerato. Uno dei principali errori che vedo fare durante le allocazioni &#232; quello di essere troppo specifici e settoriali, venendo meno alla regola aurea di cui ho parlato in un <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/why-investment-is-a-solved-problem">recente articolo</a> sull&#8217;<em>Index Investing</em>.</p><p>Facciamo un esempio concreto. Un investitore di 25 anni versa 100 euro al mese per 40 anni; quindi i suoi versamenti complessivi saranno &#8364;48.000, con un rendimento medio del 7% annuo, il capitale finale supera i &#8364;240.000. Anche con un rendimento medio del 5%, si superano i &#8364;150.000. Il risultato non dipende da un anno eccezionale, ma dalla costanza e dalla capitalizzazione composta: gli ultimi dieci anni del periodo generano pi&#249; valore dei primi venti.</p><p>Il rischio in questa fase non &#232; tanto finanziario quanto comportamentale. Se nei primi tre anni si verifica un ribasso del 25% e l&#8217;investitore interrompe il piano, distrugge il vantaggio statistico del piano di accumulo. Dal punto di vista tecnico, <strong>il PAC funziona perch&#233; compra pi&#249; quote quando i prezzi scendono e meno quando salgono, riducendo il prezzo medio di carico</strong>. Ma funziona solo se &#232; continuo. Inserire obbligazionario in questa fase &#232; possibile, ma spesso inefficiente: riduce la volatilit&#224;, ma riduce anche il rendimento atteso in un momento in cui la volatilit&#224; pu&#242; essere assorbita dal tempo. Se l&#8217;orizzonte supera i 25 anni, l&#8217;allocazione azionaria totale &#232; statisticamente coerente con l&#8217;obiettivo di massimizzare il capitale finale.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The structured construction phase: $1,000/month</h4><p>With 12,000 dollars per year, i.e., 1,000 per month, dynamics change. In ten years, you pay 120,000, in twenty years 240,000 dollars. The accumulated capital becomes significant and fluctuations begin to be perceived in absolute terms. At this stage, it is no longer just a question of growing your assets, but of managing their stability. A 100% equity allocation remains theoretically efficient in the very long term, but exposes you to volatility could be excessive if the real horizon is not infinite. <strong>An 80/20 or, better still, 60/40 structure between global equities and bonds is a technically sound solution.</strong> The equity component can remain anchored to the same global indices mentioned above; bond component can be constructed with reference to broad universes such as exposure to government and corporate bonds with high credit ratings.</p><p>Let&#8217;s look at a numerical example. An investor who pays $1,000 per month for 20 years accumulates $240,000 in payments. With an average annual return of 6% (assuming an 80/20 mix), the final capital could exceed $350,000. If it were 100% equities with an average return of 7%, capital could be higher, but with more pronounced fluctuations along the way. The difference is not only in the final result, but also in the trajectory: in a crisis with a 30% decline in equities, an 80/20 portfolio could lose around 20-22%, while a 60/40 portfolio could limit the loss to around 15%. This doesn&#8217;t eliminate risk, but it makes it more manageable.</p><p>In this phase, <strong>periodic rebalancing</strong> becomes essential: if, after a sharp rise, equities go from 80% to 88% of the portfolio, bringing them back to 80% means crystallizing part of gains and reducing the implicit risk. It is a quantitative discipline and not a prediction. <strong>Another option is the progressive strategy</strong>, which involves maintaining a high equity allocation in the early years, when assets are still growing and increasing the defensive component as capital increases. This approach is consistent with the idea of reducing volatility in absolute terms when assets become significant.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic" width="944" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:944,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:94564,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185630131?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_HFl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70231f06-f897-4496-a06b-575640695134_944x675.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>US 60/40 portfolios endured six &#171;lost decades&#187; since 1900 | Mike Zaccardi</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>La fase della costruzione strutturata: 1.000&#8364;/mese</h4><p>Con 12.000 euro l&#8217;anno, cio&#232; 1.000 al mese, la dinamica cambia. In dieci anni si versano 120.000, in vent&#8217;anni 240.000 euro. Il capitale accumulato diventa rilevante e le oscillazioni iniziano a essere percepite in termini assoluti. In questa fase non si tratta pi&#249; soltanto di far crescere il patrimonio, ma di gestirne la stabilit&#224;. Un&#8217;allocazione 100% azionaria resta teoricamente efficiente nel lunghissimo periodo, ma espone a una volatilit&#224; che potrebbe risultare eccessiva se l&#8217;orizzonte reale non &#232; infinito. <strong>Una struttura 80/20 o meglio ancora 60/40 tra azionario globale e obbligazionario rappresenta una soluzione tecnicamente solida.</strong> La componente azionaria pu&#242; restare ancorata agli stessi indici globali citati prima; la parte obbligazionaria pu&#242; essere costruita con riferimento a universi ampi come l&#8217;esposizione a titoli governativi e corporate di elevata qualit&#224; creditizia.</p><p>Analizziamo un caso numerico. Un investitore che versa 1.000 euro al mese per 20 anni accumula 240.000 di versamenti. Con un rendimento medio del 6% annuo (ipotizzando un mix 80/20), il capitale finale pu&#242; superare i 350.000. Se fosse 100% azionario con rendimento medio del 7%, il capitale potrebbe essere superiore, ma con oscillazioni pi&#249; marcate lungo il percorso. La differenza non &#232; solo nel risultato finale, ma nella traiettoria: in una crisi con ribasso del 30% dell&#8217;azionario, un portafoglio 80/20 potrebbe perdere intorno al 20&#8211;22%, mentre un 60/40 potrebbe contenere la perdita intorno al 15%. Questo non elimina il rischio, ma lo rende pi&#249; gestibile.</p><p>In questa fase diventa fondamentale <strong>il ribilanciamento periodico</strong>: se dopo un forte rialzo l&#8217;azionario passa dall&#8217;80% all&#8217;88% del portafoglio, riportarlo all&#8217;80% significa cristallizzare parte dei guadagni e ridurre il rischio implicito. &#200; una disciplina quantitativa e non una previsione. <strong>Un&#8217;altra opzione &#232; la strategia progressiva</strong>, ovvero mantenere una quota azionaria elevata nei primi anni, quando il patrimonio &#232; ancora in crescita, e incrementare la componente difensiva man mano che il capitale aumenta. &#200; una modalit&#224; coerente con l&#8217;idea di ridurre la volatilit&#224; in valore assoluto quando il patrimonio diventa significativo.</p><div><hr></div><h4>When volatility weighs heavily in absolute terms: $10,000/month</h4><p>With capital already available to invest, outlook changes radically. Assuming $120,000 per year, in five years you invest $600,000; in ten years, $1.2 million. Here, risk management becomes central, because a relatively small percentage change produces very large absolute movements. A 100% equity portfolio on assets of $1.5 million or dollars, with a 25% correction, generates a temporary loss of $375,000. Although theoretically recoverable in the long term, it is a fluctuation can influence operational decisions.</p><p>Damaging emotional capital in this context can be extremely negative and influence future decisions. The choices we saw made by more or less well-known asset managers and management companies during 2020 crash were and are something to take into account: at the point of greatest pressure, both from investors and market, they did the worst thing possible: capitalized on losses and rebalanced their portfolios. <strong>For this reason, a structure of 20-30% equities and 70-80% defensive assets is consistent with a mature investor or shorter-term objectives.</strong> The defensive component may include monetary instruments, high-quality bonds with calibrated duration and a portion of gold as an uncorrelated element, with reference to the most well-known benchmarks.</p><p>A numerical example: a portfolio of $1 million with a 75/25 allocation. In a 30% decline in equities, assuming stability in the defensive portion, the overall loss would be around 7&#8211;8%. In a 100% equity portfolio, it would be 30%. The difference is substantial and this is where more refined technical variables come into play: duration of bonds in relation to interest rates, credit quality to contain default risk, currency diversification and asset correlation.</p><p>Liquidity plays a strategic role because it allows for opportunistic intervention during periods of market stress, while equity component doesn&#8217;t disappear but remains the engine of real growth, albeit scaled so as not to compromise overall stability. Even a 20-25% allocation can contribute significantly to long-term performance while keeping overall risk under control.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic" width="952" height="601" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:601,&quot;width&quot;:952,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:36691,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185630131?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JW27!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F487f40ee-cbf7-43ed-b812-3a258b3b779c_952x601.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4>Quando la volatilit&#224; pesa in valore assoluto: 10.000&#8364;/mese</h4><p>Con un capitale gi&#224; disponibile da investire, la prospettiva cambia radicalmente. Ipotizzando 120.000 euro l&#8217;anno, in cinque anni si investono 600.000; in dieci anni 1,2 milioni. Qui la gestione del rischio diventa centrale, perch&#233; una variazione percentuale relativamente contenuta produce movimenti assoluti molto elevati. Un portafoglio 100% azionario su un patrimonio di 1,5 milioni di euro, con una correzione del 25%, genera una perdita temporanea di 375.000. Anche se teoricamente recuperabile nel lungo periodo, &#232; un&#8217;oscillazione che pu&#242; influenzare le decisioni operative.</p><p>Danneggiare in questo contesto il capitale emotivo, pu&#242; essere estremamente negativo e condizionare i prossimi passi. Le scelte che abbiamo visto fare da parte di asset manager e societ&#224; di gestione pi&#249; o meno famose durante il crollo del 2020, &#232; stato ed &#232; qualcosa di cui tener conto: nel punto di maggior pressione, sia da parte degli investitori che del mercato, si &#232; intervenuto con la cosa pi&#249; sbagliata di tutte: capitalizzare le perdite e ribilanciare il portafoglio. <strong>Per questo motivo, una struttura 20&#8211;30% azionaria e 70-80% difensiva, &#232; coerente con un investitore maturo</strong> o con obiettivi temporali pi&#249; ravvicinati. La componente difensiva pu&#242; includere strumenti monetari, obbligazionario di qualit&#224; con duration calibrata e una quota di oro come elemento decorrelato, con riferimento ai benchmark pi&#249; famosi.</p><p>Un esempio numerico: portafoglio di 1 milione di euro con allocazione 75/25. In una fase di ribasso del 30% dell&#8217;azionario, ipotizzando stabilit&#224; della parte difensiva, la perdita complessiva sarebbe intorno al 7&#8211;8%. In un portafoglio 100% azionario sarebbe del 30%. La differenza &#232; sostanziale e qui entrano in gioco variabili tecniche pi&#249; raffinate: la duration dell&#8217;obbligazionario in relazione ai tassi, la qualit&#224; creditizia per contenere il rischio default, la diversificazione valutaria, la correlazione tra asset.</p><p>La liquidit&#224; assume un ruolo strategico, perch&#233; consente di intervenire in modo opportunistico durante le fasi di mercato stressate, mentre la componente azionaria non scompare, anzi, rimane il motore di crescita reale, ma &#232; dimensionata in modo da non compromettere la stabilit&#224; complessiva. Anche una quota del 20&#8211;25% pu&#242; contribuire in modo determinante alla performance nel lungo periodo, mantenendo il rischio complessivo sotto controllo.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Balancing emotional swings with growth</h4><p>Ultimately, looking at these three scenarios, what emerges is that the real point is not to choose between ETFs, funds, stocks, or bonds, nor to try to predict the market, but rather <strong>to understand what you can do with what you have</strong> and what you can set aside each month and each year.</p><p>With $100 per month, it&#8217;s all about time: the amount is small, but if you remain consistent, you can accumulate significant capital over the long term. With $1,000 per month, the dynamic changes: you are already at a stage where you can start thinking about protection and stabilization, without losing sight of growth, balancing the percentages between equities and defensive instruments. With $10,000 per month, situation is almost the opposite: here, capital is important and volatility is no longer just a number on an Excel spreadsheet, but something has a real impact on your choices. In this case, protection, liquidity and diversification become central, but without ever losing sight of the fact that even 20-25% in equities continues to make a difference to overall performance.</p><p>There is no universal rule and, alas, there is no such thing as the perfect portfolio. There is only the way in which numbers and time interact with your real possibilities. In truth, there are rules for choosing financial instruments that have &#171;stood the test of time&#187;: <strong>personally, I&#8217;m an advocate of one-handed or five-finger investing</strong>, which I discussed at length in <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-to-invest-when-there-is-noise">another article</a>.</p><p>There is no need to complicate your life by constantly jumping from the latest trendy product to the asset of the moment proposed by your broker or, worse still, by an improvised advisor. Understanding this means building a consistent and sustainable path that you can maintain over time without having to jump through hoops every time the market moves. In the end, it all boils down to this: your strategy must work for who you are today, what you can set aside, and the time you have ahead of you.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic" width="1366" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1366,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:27304,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185630131?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yNwq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47a7194e-dac5-4f10-8bf4-f0fb571e9063_1366x768.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>A 60/40 portfolio purchased in 2019 is now closer to 80/20, driven by soaring stock prices. That&#8217;s why it&#8217;s necessary to rebalance your portfolio | Steve Hanke</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Bilanciare l&#8217;emotivit&#224; delle oscillazioni con la crescita</h4><p>Alla fine, guardando questi tre scenari, quello che emerge &#232; che il vero punto non &#232; scegliere tra ETF, fondi, azioni o obbligazioni, e neanche tentare di prevedere il mercato, bens&#236; <strong>capire cosa puoi fare con quello che hai</strong> e con quello che riesci a mettere da parte ogni mese e ogni anno.</p><p>Con 100 euro al mese, il gioco &#232; tutto nel tempo: la cifra &#232; piccola, ma se la costanza resta, &#232; possibile accumulare un capitale significativo nel lungo periodo. Con 1.000 euro al mese la dinamica cambia: sei gi&#224; in una fase in cui puoi iniziare a pensare a protezione e stabilizzazione, senza perdere di vista la crescita, bilanciando le percentuali tra azionario e strumenti difensivi. Con 10.000 euro al mese, il discorso &#232; quasi opposto: qui il capitale &#232; importante e la volatilit&#224; non &#232; pi&#249; solo un numero da foglio Excel, ma qualcosa che impatta concretamente sulle tue scelte. In questo caso protezione, liquidit&#224; e diversificazione diventano centrali, ma senza mai perdere di vista che anche un 20-25% azionario continua a fare la differenza sulla performance complessiva.</p><p>Non c&#8217;&#232; una regola universale e ahim&#232;, non esiste il portafoglio perfetto. C&#8217;&#232; solo il modo in cui i numeri e il tempo interagiscono con le tue possibilit&#224; reali. In verit&#224;, esistono regole di scelta degli strumenti finanziari che hanno &#171;superato la prova del tempo&#187;: <strong>personalmente sono un fautore dell&#8217;investimento a una mano o cinque dita</strong>, di cui ho parlato ampiamente in un <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-to-invest-when-there-is-noise">altro articolo</a>.</p><p>Non c&#8217;&#232; bisogno di complicarsi la vita, saltando costantemente dall&#8217;ultimo prodotto alla moda, dalla proposta dell&#8217;asset del momento da parte del broker o peggio ancora del consulente improvvisato. Capire questo significa costruire un percorso coerente e sostenibile, che puoi mantenere nel tempo senza dover fare salti mortali ogni volta che il mercato si muove. Alla fine, tutto si riduce a questo: <strong>la tua strategia deve funzionare per quello che sei oggi</strong>, per quello che puoi mettere da parte e per il tempo che hai davanti.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Paper Silver]]></title><description><![CDATA[Between leverage, silver and systemic risk: what price fluctuations really tell us]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/paper-silver</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/paper-silver</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 06:30:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d548a0b0-6913-4e69-b30c-5b71db336c8f_1800x1800.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Silver is one of the markets very quickly cease to behave like simple investment instruments. The more you observe it, the more it becomes clear the price is not just about the metal, but something else, a deeper tension running through the entire financial system.</p><p>Every sudden jump, every acceleration followed by a brutal compression, every seemingly irrational movement is not a hiccup, but a signal, almost a nervous reflex, of a balance that rests on fragile assumptions. Seen in this light, the recent price rollercoaster is neither an exceptional event nor a temporary distortion: <strong>it is the consistent manifestation of a market structure has been suspended for years, sustained more by confidence in paper, promises and derivatives than by the actual availability of physical underlying asset.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic" width="690" height="586" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:586,&quot;width&quot;:690,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:76151,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185734457?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6hir!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e3e3d5d-d217-42d0-968b-c8fe056f6743_690x586.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Paper-to-silver ratio measures the volume of paper-based financial instruments compared to the actual, physical silver available, now 378 to 1. It indicates for every oz, hundreds of paper claims exist, representing a massive derivative market built on limited physical supply | usdebtclock.org</figcaption></figure></div><p>L&#8217;argento &#232; uno di quei mercati che smettono molto presto di comportarsi come semplici strumenti di investimento. Pi&#249; lo si osserva, pi&#249; diventa evidente che il prezzo non sta parlando solo del metallo, ma di qualcos&#8217;altro, di una tensione pi&#249; profonda che attraversa l&#8217;intero sistema finanziario.</p><p>Ogni scatto improvviso, ogni accelerazione seguita da una compressione brutale, ogni movimento apparentemente irrazionale non &#232; un incidente di percorso, ma un segnale, quasi un riflesso nervoso, di un equilibrio che si regge su presupposti fragili. Le recenti montagne russe del prezzo, lette in questa chiave, non sono n&#233; un evento eccezionale n&#233; una distorsione temporanea: <strong>sono la manifestazione coerente di una struttura di mercato che da anni vive sospesa, sostenuta pi&#249; dalla fiducia nella carta, nelle promesse e nei derivati che dalla disponibilit&#224; effettiva del sottostante fisico.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h4>Margin calls coming for silver?</h4><p>Unlike gold, silver is a small, relatively shallow market that is extremely sensitive to financial flows and therefore <strong>ideal for amplification by leverage</strong>, because even a relatively small amount of capital, if appropriately multiplied through derivatives, is enough to produce price movements appear disproportionate to the dynamics of real economy. This is where speculation finds its natural terrain, not as a pathological deviation from the system, but as its structural component. In fact, <strong>silver is now traded mainly as a financial exposure</strong> and only marginally as a physical commodity, with an ever-widening gap between what exists in warehouses and what is promised on the markets.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic" width="505" height="353" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:353,&quot;width&quot;:505,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:21449,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185734457?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mO1P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b91ef0a-dcef-416f-881f-30c1a94f3a08_505x353.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Gold and silver volumes skyrocketed | Oliver Grob</figcaption></figure></div><p>When price begins to rise sharply, narrative quickly changes and is enriched with justifications that, taken individually, are well-founded, from industrial demand linked to the energy transition to growing use in high-tech sectors, but which together end up masking the real driver of short- and mid-term movements, which remains financial and linked to the very structure of the derivatives market. Futures, options, funds and securitized instruments build up exposure to silver almost never requires ownership of the metal, creating a mass of <strong>&#171;paper silver&#187;</strong> that grows much faster than available physical supply, making the system efficient only as long as no one asks to convert paper into actual delivery.</p><p><strong>It is in this context that cyclical lowering of leverage should be understood</strong>, which invariably occurs at times of greatest tension, when price approaches levels put the entire market architecture under stress. The increase in margins, the tightening of requirements and forced reduction of exposure are not neutral events or simple technical risk management measures, but actual mechanisms for controlling systemic volatility, because in a market such as silver, leverage is not an accessory, it is the supporting structure and allowing it to grow unchecked while price accelerates means accepting a level of instability the system is not willing to tolerate.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic" width="1088" height="1316" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1316,&quot;width&quot;:1088,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:293354,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185734457?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e-sk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F59e23405-b70c-4d21-9ef7-afcaf630ab5d_1088x1316.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">CME Group hikes silver margins again as volatility grips markets | Reuters</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Chiamate a margine in arrivo sull&#8217;argento?</h4><p>L&#8217;argento, a differenza dell&#8217;oro, &#232; un mercato piccolo, relativamente poco profondo, estremamente sensibile ai flussi finanziari e proprio per questo <strong>ideale per essere amplificato dalla leva</strong>, perch&#233; basta una quantit&#224; di capitale non particolarmente elevata, se opportunamente moltiplicata tramite derivati, per produrre movimenti di prezzo che appaiono sproporzionati rispetto alle dinamiche dell&#8217;economia reale. &#200; qui che la speculazione trova il suo terreno naturale, non come deviazione patologica del sistema, ma come sua componente strutturale. L&#8217;argento infatti, <strong>oggi viene scambiato prevalentemente come esposizione finanziaria</strong> e solo marginalmente come bene fisico, con una distanza sempre pi&#249; ampia tra ci&#242; che esiste nei magazzini e ci&#242; che viene promesso sui mercati.</p><p>Quando il prezzo inizia a salire con decisione, la narrativa cambia rapidamente e si arricchisce di giustificazioni che, prese singolarmente, sono anche fondate, dalla domanda industriale legata alla transizione energetica fino all&#8217;utilizzo crescente in settori ad alta tecnologia, ma che nel loro insieme finiscono per mascherare il vero motore dei movimenti di breve e medio periodo, che rimane finanziario e legato alla struttura stessa del mercato dei derivati. Futures, opzioni, fondi e strumenti cartolarizzati, costruiscono un&#8217;esposizione all&#8217;argento che non richiede quasi mai il possesso del metallo, creando una massa di <strong>&#171;argento di carta&#187;</strong> che cresce molto pi&#249; rapidamente dell&#8217;offerta fisica disponibile, rendendo il sistema efficiente solo finch&#233; nessuno chiede di trasformare quella carta in consegna reale.</p><p><strong>&#200; in questo contesto che va letto l&#8217;abbassamento ciclico della leva finanziaria</strong>, che puntualmente arriva nei momenti di maggiore tensione, quando il prezzo si avvicina a livelli che mettono sotto stress l&#8217;intera architettura del mercato. L&#8217;aumento dei margini, l&#8217;inasprimento dei requisiti, la riduzione forzata dell&#8217;esposizione, non sono eventi neutrali n&#233; semplici misure tecniche di gestione del rischio, ma veri e propri meccanismi di controllo della volatilit&#224; sistemica, perch&#233; in un mercato come quello dell&#8217;argento la leva non &#232; un accessorio, &#232; la struttura portante, e lasciarla crescere indisturbata mentre il prezzo accelera significa accettare un livello di instabilit&#224; che il sistema non &#232; disposto a tollerare.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The compression and release cycle</h4><p>Many people see these moves as a deliberate attempt to cap the price, but this interpretation, while intuitive, is incomplete, because the problem is not the price level itself, but rather the sustainability of chain of promises that price supports. If leverage remains high and prices continue to rise, risk is not only for the most exposed speculators, but for the entire clearing system, because <strong>margin calls don&#8217;t occur in isolation</strong>; they spread, triggering cascading liquidations and quickly transforming an already volatile market into a source of systemic instability. Reducing leverage therefore means buying time, cooling the dynamics and bringing the market back within manageable limits, without, however, addressing the central issue.</p><p>That issue is the extreme securitization of silver, which appears increasingly out of control when viewed in relation to the physical availability of the metal, as is clearly evident from various macro-financial aggregators compare the volume of financial promises with actual reserves. The point is not tomorrow everyone will demand delivery of silver, because this scenario is unlikely, but <strong>the system only works as long as majority of operators implicitly accept traded silver is an accounting concept rather than a physical asset</strong>, a financial representation thrives on monetary regulations rather than physical transfers.</p><p>This growing distance between physical reality and financial representation creates a tension that cannot be resolved in a linear fashion, but <strong>manifests itself through cycles of compression and release</strong>, phases in which the price attempts to express something about the state of the system and is quickly brought back within a range compatible with the current financial structure. Every time this happens, narrative changes, volatility explodes, confidence falters, but the underlying problem remains intact, because it doesn&#8217;t concern silver as such, but rather the way in which the financial system manages real scarcity through instruments that presuppose infinite abundance.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic" width="704" height="936" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:936,&quot;width&quot;:704,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:143497,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185734457?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BP1x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00c58a0b-4df8-4aa1-bc4a-f9ce24bd452f_704x936.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">History shows silver moves quietly for years, then it reprices fast | Outcrop Silver</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il ciclo di &#171;compressione e rilascio&#187;</h4><p>Molti interpretano questi interventi come una volont&#224; deliberata di reprimere il prezzo, ma questa lettura, pur intuitiva, &#232; incompleta, perch&#233; il problema non &#232; il livello del prezzo in s&#233;, bens&#236; la sostenibilit&#224; della catena di promesse che quel prezzo sostiene. Se la leva rimane elevata e il prezzo continua a salire, il rischio non &#232; solo per gli speculatori pi&#249; esposti, ma per l&#8217;intero sistema di compensazione, perch&#233; <strong>le margin call non avvengono in isolamento, si propagano, innescano liquidazioni a cascata</strong> e trasformano rapidamente un mercato gi&#224; volatile in una fonte di instabilit&#224; sistemica. Ridurre la leva significa quindi guadagnare tempo, raffreddare la dinamica, riportare il mercato entro limiti gestibili, senza affrontare per&#242; il nodo centrale.</p><p>Quel nodo &#232; la cartolarizzazione estrema dell&#8217;argento, che appare sempre pi&#249; fuori controllo se osservata in rapporto alla disponibilit&#224; fisica del metallo, come emerge chiaramente da diversi aggregatori macro-finanziari che mettono a confronto il volume delle promesse finanziarie con le riserve reali. Il punto non &#232; che domani tutti chiederanno la consegna dell&#8217;argento, perch&#233; questo scenario &#232; improbabile, ma che <strong>il sistema funziona solo finch&#233; la maggioranza degli operatori accetta implicitamente che l&#8217;argento scambiato sia un concetto contabile pi&#249; che un bene fisico</strong>, una rappresentazione finanziaria che vive di regolamenti monetari e non di trasferimenti materiali.</p><p>Questa distanza crescente tra realt&#224; fisica e rappresentazione finanziaria crea una tensione che non pu&#242; essere risolta in modo lineare, ma che <strong>si manifesta attraverso cicli di compressione e rilascio</strong>, fasi in cui il prezzo tenta di esprimere qualcosa sullo stato del sistema e viene rapidamente riportato all&#8217;interno di un range compatibile con l&#8217;attuale struttura finanziaria. Ogni volta che ci&#242; accade, la narrativa cambia, la volatilit&#224; esplode, la fiducia vacilla, ma il problema di fondo rimane intatto, perch&#233; non riguarda l&#8217;argento in quanto tale, bens&#236; il modo in cui il sistema finanziario gestisce la scarsit&#224; reale attraverso strumenti che presuppongono abbondanza infinita.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Stores of value</h4><p><strong>A common mistake is to view silver as an immediate hedge against inflation or systemic risk</strong>, without taking into account that, just because of its small size and high financialization, in the short term it tends to suffer more than other assets when financial conditions tighten or liquidity is withdrawn. This is not a paradox, but a direct consequence of the market structure, because what makes silver attractive as a real asset in the long term makes it vulnerable to leverage and speculation in the short term.</p><p>Observing silver therefore means observing a market that offers no certainties, doesn&#8217;t follow clear trajectories and punishes those who seek simple confirmation of preconceived ideas, but which, precisely for this reason, <strong>provides valuable information on the state of the financial system as a whole.</strong> Each of its rollercoaster rides is not a noise to be ignored, but a sign of stress shows how the thin line has become between finance and physical reality, paper promises and real assets, apparent stability and structural fragility.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic" width="946" height="561" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:561,&quot;width&quot;:946,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:56937,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185734457?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ejrb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfbdef1-3b2c-4c65-974d-d8c4f5c1e531_946x561.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">This chart showing the inflation-adjusted market capitalization of gold and silver since 1900, with Bitcoin added in 2010. The bubbles show 5-year price inflation rate (CPI) and shading show 5-year monetary inflation rate (M2). Gold is at $35 trillion and silver at $1.8 trillion | Jurrien Timmer</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Magazzini di valore</h4><p><strong>Un errore frequente &#232; considerare l&#8217;argento come una copertura immediata contro l&#8217;inflazione o contro il rischio sistemico</strong>, senza tenere conto che, proprio a causa della sua dimensione ridotta e della sua elevata finanziarizzazione, nel breve periodo tende a soffrire pi&#249; di altri asset quando le condizioni finanziarie si irrigidiscono o la liquidit&#224; viene ritirata. Questo non &#232; un paradosso, ma una conseguenza diretta della struttura del mercato, perch&#233; ci&#242; che nel lungo periodo rende l&#8217;argento interessante come asset reale, nel breve lo rende vulnerabile alle dinamiche della leva e della speculazione.</p><p>Osservare l&#8217;argento significa quindi osservare un mercato che non offre certezze, che non segue traiettorie pulite e che punisce chi cerca conferme semplici a tesi gi&#224; decise, ma che proprio per questo <strong>fornisce informazioni preziose sullo stato del sistema finanziario nel suo complesso.</strong> Ogni sua montagna russa non &#232; un rumore da ignorare, ma un segnale di stress che racconta quanto sia diventato sottile il confine tra finanza e realt&#224; fisica, tra promesse cartacee e beni reali, tra stabilit&#224; apparente e fragilit&#224; strutturale.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Why Investment is a Solved Problem]]></title><description><![CDATA[Index investing and the psychological traps that mess up our portfolios]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/why-investment-is-a-solved-problem</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/why-investment-is-a-solved-problem</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:31:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/85267be9-7c64-4f80-a4da-484007db8ba1_4912x3564.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#171;<em>The only function of economic forecasting is to make astrology look respectable</em>&#187; &#8212; John Kenneth Galbraith</p><p>Market timing, stock picking, optimization, lightening, portfolio rotations. All correct or rather, all &#171;theoretically&#187; correct. It is the alphabet of modern investing, the language we use every day to tell ourselves that by studying a little more, looking at one more chart, or identifying the &#171;right theme&#187; before others do, we will be able to beat the market. The reality, however, is much less romantic. And above all, it is merciless.</p><p>Those who love slogans more than numbers live in a perpetual hunt for the winning product, sector of the year, dominant narrative of the moment: metals, energy, AI, biotech, emerging markets, small caps, value, growth. Every cycle has its fad, every fad has its army of new followers. All this is deeply human, almost heroic in its naivety; a quixotic view of investing: fighting windmills in the hope that, sooner or later, you will knock one down. But data tells a different story, a much less fascinating story, but one that is tremendously more useful. <strong>All daily effort that average investor makes to understand where financial markets are going is, in the long run, inefficient</strong>, sub-optimal, in a word, useless.</p><p>This should not be confused with the work of the so-called &#171;primary hand&#187; of the market: hedge funds, asset management companies, large brokers. These entities have to engage in market making, arbitrage, algorithmic trading and short-term risk management. It is their job. They serve to ensure liquidity, continuity of trading and stability of the underlying assets, but they are not a replicable model for the investor, and above all, they are not a necessary model for achieving long-term returns. And this brings us to the central point that I will explore in this article.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic" width="1201" height="1307" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9HrB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2304c1ec-3ff2-403a-8c96-d5a7100a7c04_1201x1307.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">10 years ago to the day, the Chief Economist at RBS made this prediction: since then, S&amp;P500 is up 260% | Getty Images</figcaption></figure></div><p>&#171;<em>L&#8217;unica funzione delle previsioni economiche &#232; quella di rendere rispettabile l&#8217;astrologia</em>&#187; &#8212; John Kenneth Galbraith</p><p>Market timing, stock picking, ottimizzazione, alleggerimento, rotazioni di portafoglio. Tutto giusto o meglio, tutto &#171;teoricamente&#187; giusto. &#200; l&#8217;alfabeto dell&#8217;investimento moderno, il linguaggio con cui ogni giorno ci raccontiamo che, studiando un po&#8217; di pi&#249;, osservando un grafico in pi&#249; o intercettando prima degli altri il &#171;tema giusto&#187;, riusciremo a battere il mercato. La realt&#224;, per&#242;, &#232; molto meno romantica. E soprattutto &#232; impietosa.</p><p>Chi ama gli slogan pi&#249; dei numeri vive in una perenne caccia al prodotto vincente, al settore dell&#8217;anno, alla narrativa dominante del momento: metalli, energia, IA, biotech, emergenti, <em>small cap</em>, <em>value</em>, <em>growth</em>. Ogni ciclo ha la sua moda, ogni moda ha il suo esercito di nuovi adepti. Tutto questo &#232; profondamente umano, quasi eroico nella sua ingenuit&#224;; una visione donchisciottesca dell&#8217;investimento: combattere i mulini a vento sperando, prima o poi, di abbatterne uno. Ma i dati raccontano un&#8217;altra storia, una storia molto meno affascinante, ma tremendamente pi&#249; utile. <strong>Tutto lo sforzo quotidiano che l&#8217;investitore medio compie per capire dove andranno i mercati finanziari &#232;, nel lungo periodo inefficiente</strong>, non sub-ottimale, in una parole inutile.</p><p>Questo non va confuso con il lavoro della cosiddetta &#171;mano primaria&#187; del mercato: <em>hedge fund</em>, case di gestione, grandi broker. Questi soggetti devono fare <em>market making</em>, arbitraggio, trading algoritmico, gestione del rischio di brevissimo termine. &#200; il loro mestiere. Servono a garantire liquidit&#224;, continuit&#224; degli scambi e stabilit&#224; dei sottostanti, ma non sono un modello replicabile per l&#8217;investitore finale, e soprattutto non sono un modello necessario per ottenere rendimento nel lungo periodo. Ed &#232; qui che arriviamo al punto centrale che approfondir&#242; in questo articolo.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Numbers don&#8217;t lie</h4><p>When we look at the numbers honestly, some fundamental truths emerge that are worth exploring. One of these is the average annual growth of indices over the long term. S&amp;P500, the most widely used US stock benchmark in the world, has historically shown very solid average annual performance. In terms of total return from the 1950s to the present day, <strong>annualized return has been around 10% per year</strong> over ultra-decadal and multi-decadal horizons. This means that $10,000 invested in 1957 would have grown to over $1 million in subsequent years if dividends had been reinvested, a huge increase reflects the effect of compound interest over time.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic" width="981" height="738" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:738,&quot;width&quot;:981,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:98568,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185080734?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!is_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F527e44b7-9ee8-4edb-b188-16f6b0a92507_981x738.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">S&amp;P500 has returned an average of 12% per year since 1980 despite an average intra-year drawdown of -14% | Charlie Bilello</figcaption></figure></div><p>Volatility is enormous in the short term, but it dampens over the long term. If we look at periods from 1950 to 2025, the average annual drawdowns of the S&amp;P500 were around -13.7%, while the average annual return was +11.3% over the same period. There have been disastrous years, such as 2008, when the drawdown exceeded -48% and the year closed with a total of -37%, or 1974, with a drawdown of almost -38% and a sharp decline over the period. Yet these declines are systematically offset in the medium to long term: after crashes of 2008 or the pandemic, the recovery led to tens of percent cumulative gains in the following decades. This means that <strong>volatility is a stable feature of the markets, but it doesn&#8217;t affect the underlying trend</strong>: financial markets grow over time.</p><p>Even in &#171;lost decades&#187;, context changes with the investment horizon. It is true there are periods when the S&amp;P500 has yielded very little over many years. A historical example is the period from 1966 to 1981, when the overall index yielded a total return of approximately +32.95% over 16 years (equivalent to a CAGR of around 1.8% per year) due to inflation and economic stagnation. The same was true between 2000 and 2010, when the dot-com bubble caused considerable panic and frustration among investors, who were fascinated by the glitz of the new economy. However, these difficult decades don&#8217;t erase the long-term potential: the subsequent recovery more than compensated for these slowdowns, thanks to the effect of compound interest and growth of corporate earnings over entire decades. And this is where the fundamental concept comes into play: <strong>time in the market almost always beats timing the market.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic" width="1080" height="1350" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:196790,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185080734?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jkQS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3c579192-deb2-4968-bc63-3766e95ee87c_1080x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">152 years of S&amp;P500 returns | Visual Capitalist</figcaption></figure></div><h4>I numeri non mentono</h4><p>Quando guardiamo i numeri con onest&#224;, emergono alcune verit&#224; fondamentali da approfondire. Una di queste &#232; la crescita media annua degli indici nel lungo periodo. L&#8217;S&amp;P500, il benchmark azionario statunitense pi&#249; utilizzato al mondo, ha mostrato storicamente una performance media annua molto solida. In termini di rendimento totale dagli anni &#8217;50 fino ai giorni nostri, <strong>il rendimento annualizzato si &#232; attestato intorno al 10%</strong> all&#8217;anno su orizzonti ultra-decennali e pluri-decennali. Questo significa che $10.000 investiti nel 1957 sarebbero diventati oltre 1 milione di dollari negli anni successivi se i dividendi fossero stati reinvestiti, una crescita enorme che riflette l&#8217;effetto dell&#8217;interesse composto nel tempo.</p><p>La volatilit&#224; &#232; enorme nel breve, ma si smorza sul lungo termine. Se guardiamo dal 1950 al 2025 scopriamo che i drawdown annuali medi dell&#8217;S&amp;P500 sono stati di circa -13,7%, mentre il rendimento medio annuale &#232; stato di +11,3% nello stesso arco di tempo. Ci sono stati anni disastrosi come il 2008 dove il drawdown ha superato il -48% e l&#8217;anno ha chiuso con un -37% sul totale, oppure nel 1974 con drawdown di quasi -38% e un forte ribasso di periodo. Eppure questi ribassi vengono sistematicamente compensati nel medio-lungo periodo: dopo i crolli del 2008 o della pandemia, la ripresa ha portato a decine di percentuali di guadagno cumulato nei decenni successivi. Questo significa che <strong>la volatilit&#224; &#232; una caratteristica stabile dei mercati, ma non inficia la tendenza di fondo</strong>: i mercati finanziari crescono nel tempo.</p><p>Anche nei &#171;decenni perduti&#187; il contesto cambia con l&#8217;orizzonte di investimento. &#200; vero: esistono periodi in cui l&#8217;S&amp;P500 ha reso pochissimo nell&#8217;arco di molti anni. Un esempio storico &#232; l&#8217;era 1966-1981, in cui l&#8217;indice complessivo port&#242; un rendimento totale di circa +32,95% in 16 anni (pari a un CAGR intorno all&#8217;1,8% annuo) a causa di inflazione e stagnazione economica. Stesso dicasi tra il 2000 e il 2010, dove la bolla dot com caus&#242; non poco panico e frustrazione tra gli investitori, affascinati dai bagliori della new economy. Tuttavia, questi decenni difficili non cancellano il potenziale del lungo periodo: la ripresa successiva ha compensato ampiamente questi rallentamenti, proprio grazie all&#8217;effetto dell&#8217;interesse composto e alla crescita di utili societari su decenni interi. Ed &#232; qui che entra in gioco il concetto fondamentale: <strong>il tempo nel mercato batte quasi sempre il timing del mercato.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h4>Investment today is a solved problem</h4><p>With the available data, we can say without hesitation that <strong>investment, understood as the generation of real returns over the long term, is a problem has already been solved.</strong> It doesn&#8217;t mean markets will rise forever. This is a way of not understanding, a silly argument used to discredit a thesis that doesn&#8217;t want to understand. Markets fall, move sideways, go through crises, recessions, geopolitical shocks and periods of panic. It has always been this way and always will be. But the point is not the short- or mid-term trajectory; the point is mathematical structure of equity investment through market indices.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic" width="692" height="446" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:446,&quot;width&quot;:692,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:27231,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185080734?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wO_k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F57fcc18f-03e2-4dfc-938c-9c861d933006_692x446.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">129-year story of Dow Jones IA: 2 world wars, the Great Depression, inflation, oil shocks, tech bubbles, housing collapses, pandemics. Through all of it, the line zigged but over time, it marched higher | Peter Mallouk</figcaption></figure></div><p>Passive benchmark investing is not a philosophy or a religion. It is a logical consequence of the construction of the indices themselves. The first historical example is the Dow Jones Industrial Average. An index that is often criticized, considered &#171;old&#187;, unrepresentative, even obsolete. Yet it is precisely the Dow Jones shows us the key mechanism. In fact, it is not a static container, it doesn&#8217;t buy and hold forever, but continuously replaces companies no longer represent the real economy with those best embody it. The giants of the past have been gradually pushed out, replaced by companies capable of capturing growth, profits and capitalization.</p><p>The same principle applies, even more efficiently, to the S&amp;P500. Here, selection is based on stringent criteria: capitalization, liquidity, profitability and sector representativeness. <strong>A company that stops growing, loses relevance, or no longer meets the requirements is removed,</strong> without sentimentality. Nasdaq 100 further amplifies this logic: it is a machine designed to concentrate innovation, growth, and technology, even at the expense of more extreme volatility. And then in Europe, there is the DAX Index. For years a symbol of rigidity, it has finally been <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/german-dax-30-to-swell-to-dax-40/a-58976681">converted into the DAX 40</a>, with more modern criteria, greater sector diversification and a stronger focus on the quality of the companies included. Here too, the direction is clear: index adapts to the economy, not the other way around. This means one very simple thing: investing in indices means investing in a system that automatically eliminates the worst inefficiencies.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic" width="1456" height="1014" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1014,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:216264,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185080734?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fwOF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99a6120d-bd01-46c4-b746-5aa5de1b1e58_1910x1330.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">In 2021, the biggest revolution in the construction of Europe&#8217;s most important index took place: the DAX | Reuters</figcaption></figure></div><h4>L&#8217;investimento oggi &#232; un problema risolto</h4><p>Con i dati che abbiamo a disposizione possiamo affermarlo senza esitazioni: <strong>l&#8217;investimento, inteso come generazione di rendimento reale nel lungo periodo, &#232; un problema gi&#224; risolto.</strong> Questo non significa che i mercati saliranno per sempre. Questa &#232; una caricatura, un argomento stupido usato per screditare una tesi che non si vuole comprendere. I mercati scendono, lateralizzano, attraversano crisi, recessioni, shock geopolitici e fasi di panico. &#200; sempre stato cos&#236; e sempre sar&#224; cos&#236;. Ma il punto non &#232; la traiettoria di breve o medio periodo, il punto &#232; la struttura matematica dell&#8217;investimento azionario tramite indici di mercato.</p><p>L&#8217;investimento passivo a benchmark non &#232; una filosofia, n&#233; una religione. &#200; una conseguenza logica della costruzione degli indici stessi. Il primo esempio storico &#232; il Dow Jones Industrial Average. Un indice spesso criticato, ritenuto &#171;vecchio&#187;, poco rappresentativo, addirittura obsoleto. Eppure &#232; proprio il Dow Jones a mostrarci il meccanismo chiave. Esso infatti, non &#232; un contenitore statico, non compra e mantiene per l&#8217;eternit&#224;, bens&#236; sostituisce continuamente le aziende che non rappresentano pi&#249; l&#8217;economia reale con quelle che meglio la incarnano. I giganti del passato sono stati progressivamente espulsi e al loro posto sono entrate aziende in grado di intercettare crescita, profitti e capitalizzazione.</p><p>Lo stesso principio vale, in forma ancora pi&#249; efficiente, per l&#8217;S&amp;P500. Qui la selezione &#232; basata su criteri stringenti: capitalizzazione, liquidit&#224;, redditivit&#224;, rappresentativit&#224; settoriale. <strong>Un&#8217;azienda che smette di crescere, che perde rilevanza o che non soddisfa pi&#249; i requisiti, viene rimossa</strong>, senza sentimentalismi. Il Nasdaq 100 amplifica ulteriormente questa logica: &#232; una macchina progettata per concentrare innovazione, crescita e tecnologia, anche a discapito di una volatilit&#224; pi&#249; estrema. E poi c&#8217;&#232; il DAX in Europa. Per anni simbolo di rigidit&#224;, finalmente <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/german-dax-30-to-swell-to-dax-40/a-58976681">trasformato in DAX 40</a>, con criteri pi&#249; moderni, maggiore diversificazione settoriale e un&#8217;attenzione pi&#249; forte alla qualit&#224; delle aziende incluse. Anche qui, la direzione &#232; chiara: l&#8217;indice si adatta all&#8217;economia, non il contrario. Questo significa una cosa molto semplice: investire negli indici significa investire in un sistema che elimina automaticamente le inefficienze peggiori.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The myth of the &#171;lost decade&#187;</h4><p>The classic objection is always the same: what if there is a lost decade? It is a legitimate question and has already been answered by history.</p><p>As we have seen, there are periods of 10 years, sometimes even longer, in which an index may offer zero or disappointing returns. This happens when high valuations, macroeconomic shocks and slow policymaking collide. <strong>But the point is another: what is the investor&#8217;s real time horizon? On average, we are talking about 30 or 40 years.</strong> Over this time frame, even a mediocre decade becomes a statistical fluctuation; compound interest doesn&#8217;t work in a straight line, but it works nonetheless. And this is where the numbers come into play, the real ones. <a href="https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/research-insights/spiva/#us">SPIVA reports</a> demonstrate this every year: the majority of funds underperform their benchmark in the mid to long term. Not because of incompetence, but because of their structure. Of course, there are forward-thinking and highly reliable management companies, enlightened minds that have been guaranteeing respectable performance for years, but we are talking about a small circle in a world of underperformance. Costs, turnover, behavioral biases, commercial pressure. All elements erode returns. So why is performance lacking?</p><p><strong>Because everyone claims to be a passive investor, but few really are.</strong> In times of volatility, volumes explode, portfolios are turned upside down and investors switch from one product to another in pursuit of the illusion of control. Markets don&#8217;t move primarily because of geopolitics or technical analysis: they move because of fear and greed and you only need to look at a volume chart to realize this. Peaks almost always coincide with market highs and lows: <strong>people buy when greed is at its peak and sell when fear is unbearable.</strong> In calm phases, on the other hand, arrogance kicks in. Investors feel smarter than average, faster, more clear, and that&#8217;s precisely when they set themselves up for their next mistake.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic" width="1456" height="608" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:608,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:57550,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185080734?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Hila!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F408d448b-9e2e-4eb1-a422-1ae4a70814b5_2634x1100.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The majority of funds underperform their benchmark in the mid to long term. This is not due to incompetence, but rather to their structure | SPIVA</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il mito del &#171;decennio perduto&#187;</h4><p>L&#8217;obiezione classica &#232; sempre la stessa: e se capitasse un decennio perduto? &#200; una domanda legittima, e anche gi&#224; risposta dalla storia.</p><p>Come abbiamo osservato, esistono periodi di 10 anni, talvolta anche qualcosa in pi&#249;, in cui un indice pu&#242; offrire rendimenti nulli o deludenti. Questo accade quando valutazioni elevate, shock macroeconomici e lentezza dei <em>policymaker</em> si scontrano. <strong>Ma il punto &#232; un altro: qual &#232; l&#8217;orizzonte temporale reale dell&#8217;investitore? Mediamente, parliamo di 30 o 40 anni.</strong> In questo arco temporale, anche un decennio mediocre diventa un&#8217;oscillazione statistica, l&#8217;interesse composto non lavora in linea retta, ma lavora comunque. Ed &#232; qui che entrano in gioco i numeri, quelli veri. I <a href="https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/research-insights/spiva/#us">report SPIVA</a> lo dimostrano ogni anno: la stragrande maggioranza dei fondi sotto-performa il benchmark di riferimento nel medio-lungo periodo. Non per incompetenza, ma per struttura. Per carit&#224;, esistono delle lungimiranti e affidabilissime case di gestione, menti illuminate che garantiscono da anni performance di tutto rispetto, ma parliamo di una cerchia ristretta in un mondo di sotto-performance. Costi, turnover, bias comportamentali, pressione commerciale. Tutti elementi che erodono rendimento. Allora perch&#233; le performance non arrivano?</p><p><strong>Perch&#233; tutti si dichiarano investitori passivi, ma pochi lo sono davvero.</strong> Nei momenti di volatilit&#224; i volumi esplodono, i portafogli vengono stravolti, si passa da un prodotto all&#8217;altro inseguendo l&#8217;illusione del controllo. I mercati non si muovono principalmente per geopolitica o analisi tecnica: si muovono per paura e avidit&#224; e basta osservare un grafico dei volumi per rendersene conto. I picchi coincidono quasi sempre con massimi e minimi di mercato: <strong>si compra quando l&#8217;avidit&#224; &#232; al massimo, si vende quando la paura &#232; insopportabile.</strong> Nelle fasi di calma, invece, scatta l&#8217;arroganza. L&#8217;investitore si sente pi&#249; intelligente della media, pi&#249; veloce, pi&#249; lucido, ed &#232; proprio l&#236; che prepara il prossimo errore.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Core, satellite, and reality portfolios</h4><p>When we talk about indices, we&#8217;re talking about the stock market. This approach cannot be automatically extended to all asset classes, but precisely for this reason, the solution is simpler than we would like to admit. A core-satellite structure is more than sufficient: a solid, diversified core built on stocks and bonds. A classic 60/40, adaptable, integrable with gold, cash, or other defensive instruments. Around it, a small satellite part, for those who feel the need to express visions, experiment, speculate.</p><p>Another sensible objection is that &#171;today, markets often fall together&#187;, and this is absolutely true. Financial globalization has made correlations higher and crises more synchronized, but it has also made recovery faster, because <strong>the system is designed to absorb shocks</strong>, not to collapse. Indices exist to finance companies, to represent real economies, to channel capital, not to destroy it.</p><p><strong>There will always be periods of panic</strong>: we cannot avoid them, but we can learn to live with them. Concentrated markets will always generate short squeezes, panic selling and extreme narratives. <strong>As long as a few stocks move huge masses, this will be the case.</strong> Our job is not to look for conspiracies or predict the great reset. Our job is to optimize the time we have available. It has worked for 150 years and there is no concrete sign that it will stop working in the next 10, 20, or 30 years. And if one day everything really does go to zero, we will have much bigger problems than a portfolio to rebalance. Until then, the solution is surprisingly simple: buy, hold, forget, and above all, don&#8217;t regret.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:97289,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/185080734?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kHJF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e550325-d685-41e4-b7e3-b2a0f3d51b70_2000x1500.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Over 10 year periods, an all-stock portfolio has seen positive returns 93% of the time. And a 60/40 portfolio, 100% of the time | J.P. Morgan</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Portafoglio core, satellite e realt&#224;</h4><p>Quando parliamo di indici, parliamo di mercato azionario. Questo approccio non &#232; estendibile in modo automatico a tutte le asset class, ma proprio per questo la soluzione &#232; pi&#249; semplice di quanto si voglia ammettere. Una struttura core-satellite &#232; pi&#249; che sufficiente: una parte centrale solida, diversificata, costruita su azioni e obbligazioni. Un classico 60/40, adattabile, integrabile con oro, liquidit&#224; o altri strumenti difensivi. Intorno, una parte satellite ridotta, per chi sente il bisogno di esprimere visioni, sperimentare, speculare.</p><p>Un&#8217;altra obiezione sensata &#232; che &#171;oggi i mercati scendono spesso tutti insieme&#187;, ed &#232; assolutamente vero. La globalizzazione finanziaria ha reso le correlazioni pi&#249; alte e le crisi pi&#249; sincronizzate, ma ha anche reso la ripresa pi&#249; rapida, perch&#233; <strong>il sistema &#232; progettato per assorbire shock</strong>, non per collassare. Gli indici esistono per finanziare le aziende, per rappresentare economie reali, per canalizzare capitale, non per distruggerlo.</p><p><strong>Le fasi di panico ci saranno sempre</strong>: non possiamo evitarle, ma possiamo imparare a conviverci. Mercati concentrati genereranno sempre <em>short squeeze</em>, <em>panic selling</em> e narrazioni estreme. <strong>Finch&#233; pochi titoli muoveranno masse enormi, sar&#224; cos&#236;.</strong> Il nostro compito non &#232; cercare complotti o prevedere il grande reset. Il nostro compito &#232; ottimizzare il tempo che abbiamo a disposizione. Ha funzionato per 150 anni e non c&#8217;&#232; alcun segnale concreto che smetter&#224; di funzionare nei prossimi 10, 20 o 30. E se un giorno tutto dovesse davvero azzerarsi, avremo problemi ben pi&#249; grandi di un portafoglio da ribilanciare. Fino ad allora, la soluzione &#232; sorprendentemente semplice: compra, mantieni, dimentica, e soprattutto, non pentirti.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How to Invest When There Is Noise]]></title><description><![CDATA[Why market chaos is not accidental: 5 ways to invest and 4 pillars to follow to build your lifetime portfolio]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-to-invest-when-there-is-noise</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-to-invest-when-there-is-noise</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2026 06:30:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/59ca8283-54d7-4314-aea8-447e90ce92e2_7200x4800.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Investing today is perceived as a complex exercise, often unnecessarily complicated, not so much because of nature of the markets as because of narrative superstructure has built up over the years around the concept of investment. Anyone who tries to approach this world immediately finds themselves immersed in a continuous flow of messages, proposals and seemingly definitive solutions promise to solve problems that, in most cases, have never really been understood at their root.</p><p>The daily blinding lights of financial advertising, sensationalist articles, innovative strategies and ever-new products has produced a paradoxical effect. The average investor no longer feels completely ignorant, but neither does he feel truly informed: he moves in a gray area made up of partial information, fragile convictions and decisions made more by accumulation than by choice. In this context, complexity is no longer the result of in-depth analysis, but becomes a value in itself, almost a necessary condition for attributing authority to any proposal.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1444583,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363887?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z3R4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8188773-7eb1-41db-8828-b6233b0cbe1e_6000x4000.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">More input and information doesn&#8217;t necessarily mean better choices</figcaption></figure></div><p>Financial language has gradually moved away from the original function of investment, which is not to amaze or impress, but to accompany people throughout their lives. When noise increases, the ability to distinguish between what is essential and what is incidental is reduced and the greatest risk is not choosing the wrong instrument, but completely losing sight of why you investing. The idea has become widespread that a good portfolio must necessarily be complex, layered and rich in instruments. Ten, fifteen, or twenty assets are often presented as synonymous with diversification, as if quantity were in itself a guarantee of solidity. In reality, in most cases, abundance is the result of a lack of synthesis, not of greater depth of analysis.</p><p>Many portfolios are created by next additions: a product is included because it was missing, another because it covered a risk, it could be useful in the future and another yet to follow the trend of the moment. Rarely does anyone stop to ask whether each individual element really has a distinct and necessary function within the whole. The result is a redundant, often incoherent structure that gives the illusion of control but makes the portfolio difficult to understand and even more difficult to manage over time.</p><p>The central point, which is almost always overlooked, is that investment doesn&#8217;t originate from the markets: investing means making decisions will have effects over time and time is not a neutral variable. It is personal, subjective, linked to the life of each of us. Reducing investment to a sequence of technical choices means forgetting that behind every portfolio there is a person, not a theoretical model.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LupA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab119c9c-b3a0-4549-a3b6-e302348a1a13_3260x1899.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LupA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab119c9c-b3a0-4549-a3b6-e302348a1a13_3260x1899.heic 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LupA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab119c9c-b3a0-4549-a3b6-e302348a1a13_3260x1899.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LupA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab119c9c-b3a0-4549-a3b6-e302348a1a13_3260x1899.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LupA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab119c9c-b3a0-4549-a3b6-e302348a1a13_3260x1899.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LupA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab119c9c-b3a0-4549-a3b6-e302348a1a13_3260x1899.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Engineering applied to markets: investing can seem as complex as sending a satellite into space | Space X</figcaption></figure></div><p>Investire oggi viene percepito come un esercizio complesso, spesso inutilmente complicato, non tanto per la natura dei mercati finanziari quanto per la sovrastruttura narrativa che negli anni si &#232; costruita attorno al concetto stesso di investimento. Chiunque provi ad avvicinarsi a questo mondo si trova immediatamente immerso in un flusso continuo di messaggi, proposte, soluzioni apparentemente definitive che promettono di risolvere problemi che, nella maggior parte dei casi, non sono mai stati davvero compresi alla radice.</p><p>Le accecanti luci quotidiane di pubblicit&#224; finanziarie, articoli sensazionalistici, strategie innovative e prodotti sempre nuovi, ha prodotto un effetto paradossale. L&#8217;investitore medio non si sente pi&#249; completamente ignorante, ma nemmeno realmente consapevole: si muove in una zona grigia fatta di informazioni parziali, convinzioni fragili e decisioni prese pi&#249; per accumulo che per scelta. In questo contesto, la complessit&#224; non &#232; pi&#249; il risultato di un&#8217;analisi profonda, ma diventa essa stessa un valore, quasi una condizione necessaria per attribuire autorevolezza a qualsiasi proposta.</p><p>Il linguaggio finanziario si &#232; progressivamente allontanato dalla funzione originaria dell&#8217;investimento, che non &#232; quella di stupire o impressionare, ma di accompagnare nel tempo la vita delle persone. Quando il rumore aumenta, la capacit&#224; di distinguere ci&#242; che &#232; essenziale da ci&#242; che &#232; accessorio si riduce, e il rischio pi&#249; grande non &#232; quello di sbagliare strumento, ma di perdere completamente il senso del perch&#233; si sta investendo. Si &#232; cos&#236; diffusa l&#8217;idea che un portafoglio serio debba necessariamente essere articolato, stratificato, ricco di strumenti. 10, 15, 20 asset vengono spesso presentati come sinonimo di diversificazione, come se la numerosit&#224; fosse di per s&#233; una garanzia di solidit&#224;. In realt&#224;, nella maggior parte dei casi, questa abbondanza &#232; il risultato di una mancanza di sintesi, non di una maggiore profondit&#224; di analisi.</p><p>Molti portafogli nascono per addizione successiva: un prodotto viene inserito perch&#233; mancava, un altro perch&#233; copriva un rischio, un altro perch&#233; potrebbe essere utile in futuro e un altro ancora per inseguire la moda del trend del momento. Raramente qualcuno si ferma a chiedersi se ogni singolo elemento abbia davvero una funzione distinta e necessaria all&#8217;interno dell&#8217;insieme. Il risultato &#232; una struttura ridondante, spesso incoerente, che d&#224; l&#8217;illusione del controllo ma rende il portafoglio difficile da comprendere e ancora pi&#249; difficile da gestire nel tempo.</p><p>Il punto centrale, quasi sempre trascurato, &#232; che l&#8217;investimento non nasce dai mercati: investire significa prendere decisioni che avranno effetti nel tempo, e il tempo non &#232; una variabile neutra. &#200; personale, soggettiva, legata alla vita di ciascuno di noi. Ridurre l&#8217;investimento a una sequenza di scelte tecniche significa dimenticare che dietro ogni portafoglio c&#8217;&#232; una persona, non un modello teorico.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Don&#8217;t confuse diversification with fragmentation</h4><p>One of the most widespread and damaging misconceptions in modern finance is the systematic confusion between diversification and fragmentation. Diversification means exposing capital to different economic forces, capable of reacting differently to the same events. Fragmentation, on the other hand, means multiplying instruments without any real distinction between the underlying factors. A portfolio with ten equity funds is not necessarily more diversified than one with two: if economic variables drive them are the same, the only thing that changes is the level of apparent complexity. True diversification doesn&#8217;t occur at the product level, but at the economic function level and it&#8217;s simple but fundamental distinction that is often lost sight of. Fragmentation creates fragile portfolios because makes it difficult to understand what is really working and what is not: when everything is diluted, nothing is really under control and management becomes reactive, confused, often emotional and the investor, instead of feeling protected, feels disoriented.</p><p>This is why the idea of a portfolio built &#171;with one hand&#187; is not a provocation, but a choice of method. Five fingers represent five assets, a clear limit but also a natural structure. Each finger (or asset) has a different function, but it is their cooperation that makes the hand effective. Every finger counts, none is interchangeable, none works alone. Similarly, a well-constructed portfolio doesn&#8217;t need a large number of assets. It needs a few essential elements, each with a defined role, within a coherent vision. The numerical limit forces us to make choices, to give up the essential, to clarify priorities. And it is precisely discipline that makes the portfolio more strong, not more fragile.</p><p>Another factor driving portfolio fragmentation is the obsession with optimization. The idea there&#8217;s always a better combination, a more efficient asset, a more up-to-date strategy. This approach, borrowed in part from academia and in part from financial marketing, leads to a continuous review of choices, often disconnected from real changes in the investor&#8217;s objectives. Optimization means marginally improving something within a given system. But when the system is unclear, optimization becomes a futile exercise and changes are made without really knowing why. We chase efficiency and forget consistency.</p><p>The one-handed portfolio consciously renounces the idea of perfection: it doesn&#8217;t seek to be the best in every scenario, but to be good enough in all of them. This apparent renunciation is, in reality, a choice of great financial maturity. Accepting not to maximize every opportunity means drastically reducing the risk of making structural mistakes.</p><p>One of the implicit objectives of this approach is to restore the centrality of financial education as a process, not as an accumulation of knowledge. Knowing what an ETF is or how a bond works is not enough if you don&#8217;t understand the reason behind a choice within a broader structure. A portfolio built on a few pillars facilitates educational process because it allows you to really delve into how each element works. It is not about knowing everything, but about knowing what really matters. This radically changes the relationship with investment, which ceases to be hostile territory and becomes a planning tool. Over time, this understanding generates decision-making autonomy, not in the sense of doing without advice, but in the sense of actively participating in choices. Investors don&#8217;t suffer their portfolios, but experience them as an integral part of their life strategy.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic" width="732" height="443" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:443,&quot;width&quot;:732,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:24232,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363887?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QXGy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36fe7275-25c6-4b16-9717-6fc3a7bd50b2_732x443.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The weighting of top 10 holdings in the S&amp;P500 hit another record high in 2025 as the biggest companies outperformed once again. Diversification has arguably never been more important than it is today | Charlie Bilello</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Non confondere diversificazione con polverizzazione</h4><p>Uno degli equivoci pi&#249; diffusi e dannosi della finanza moderna &#232; la confusione sistematica tra diversificazione e polverizzazione. Diversificare significa esporre il capitale a forze economiche differenti, capaci di reagire in modo diverso agli stessi eventi. Polverizzare, al contrario, significa moltiplicare gli strumenti senza una reale distinzione dei fattori sottostanti. Un portafoglio con dieci fondi azionari non &#232; necessariamente pi&#249; diversificato di uno con due: se le variabili economiche che li muovono sono le stesse, ci&#242; che cambia &#232; solo il livello di complessit&#224; apparente. La vera diversificazione non avviene a livello di prodotto, ma a livello di funzione economica, ed &#232; questa distinzione, semplice ma fondamentale, che spesso viene persa di vista. La polverizzazione crea portafogli fragili perch&#233; rende difficile capire cosa stia davvero funzionando e cosa no: quando tutto &#232; diluito, nulla &#232; davvero controllabile e la gestione diventa reattiva, confusa, spesso emotiva e l&#8217;investitore, anzich&#233; sentirsi protetto, si sente disorientato.</p><p>&#200; per questo che l&#8217;idea di un portafoglio costruito &#171;a una mano&#187; non &#232; una provocazione, ma una scelta di metodo. Cinque dita rappresentano cinque asset, un limite chiaro ma anche una struttura naturale. Ogni dito (o asset) ha una funzione diversa, ma &#232; la loro cooperazione a rendere la mano efficace. Nessun dito &#232; superfluo, nessuno &#232; intercambiabile, nessuno lavora da solo. Allo stesso modo, un portafoglio ben costruito non ha bisogno di un numero elevato di asset. Ha bisogno di pochi elementi essenziali, ciascuno con un ruolo definito, inseriti all&#8217;interno di una visione coerente. Il limite numerico costringe a fare scelte, a rinunciare al superfluo, a chiarire le priorit&#224;. Ed &#232; proprio questa disciplina che rende il portafoglio pi&#249; robusto, non pi&#249; fragile.</p><p>Un altro elemento che spinge verso la polverizzazione dei portafogli &#232; l&#8217;ossessione per l&#8217;ottimizzazione. L&#8217;idea che esista sempre una combinazione migliore, un asset pi&#249; efficiente, una strategia pi&#249; aggiornata. Questo approccio, mutuato in parte dal mondo accademico e in parte dal marketing finanziario, porta a una revisione continua delle scelte, spesso scollegata da reali cambiamenti negli obiettivi dell&#8217;investitore. Ottimizzare significa migliorare marginalmente qualcosa all&#8217;interno di un sistema dato. Ma quando il sistema non &#232; chiaro, l&#8217;ottimizzazione diventa un esercizio sterile e si cambia senza sapere davvero perch&#233;. Si rincorre l&#8217;efficienza dimenticando la coerenza.</p><p>Il portafoglio a una mano rinuncia consapevolmente all&#8217;idea di perfezione: non cerca di essere il migliore in ogni scenario, ma di essere sufficientemente buono in tutti. Questa rinuncia apparente &#232;, in realt&#224;, una scelta di grande maturit&#224; finanziaria. Accettare di non massimizzare ogni opportunit&#224; significa ridurre drasticamente il rischio di commettere errori strutturali.</p><p>Uno degli obiettivi impliciti di questo approccio &#232; restituire centralit&#224; all&#8217;educazione finanziaria intesa come processo, non come accumulo di nozioni. Sapere cosa sia un ETF o come funzioni un&#8217;obbligazione non &#232; sufficiente se non si comprende il perch&#233; di una scelta all&#8217;interno di una struttura pi&#249; ampia. Un portafoglio costruito su pochi pilastri facilita questo processo educativo perch&#233; permette di approfondire realmente il funzionamento di ciascun elemento. Non si tratta di conoscere tutto, ma di conoscere bene ci&#242; che conta davvero. Questo cambia radicalmente il rapporto con l&#8217;investimento, che smette di essere un terreno ostile e diventa uno strumento di pianificazione. Nel tempo, questa comprensione genera autonomia decisionale, non nel senso di fare a meno della consulenza, ma nel senso di partecipare attivamente alle scelte. L&#8217;investitore non subisce il portafoglio, ma lo vive come una parte integrante della propria strategia di vita.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The four pillars of an evergreen portfolio</h4><p>My vision has its roots in Harry Browne&#8217;s <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-i-build-my-investment-portfolio">Permanent Portfolio</a> theory, which is often cited but rarely understood in depth. Browne didn&#8217;t propose a magic formula or a perfect portfolio, but rather a different way of dealing with uncertainty. His basic insight was as simple as it was uncomfortable: the future is unpredictable and any strategy based on specific forecasts is inherently fragile.</p><p>The Permanent Portfolio stems from the idea of building a structure capable of withstanding very different scenarios, without attempting to anticipate them. It is not a question of maximizing returns in a specific phase, but of maintaining functional capital over time, through economic cycles, crises, expansions and structural changes. This approach gives rise to the four fundamental pillars of informed investing:</p><ul><li><p><em>Growth</em>, represented by equities, that&#8217;s the engine allows capital to increase over the long term by following the development of real economy;</p></li><li><p><em>Protection</em>, entrusted to high-quality bonds, has the task of stabilizing portfolio and reducing its volatility in times of stress;</p></li><li><p><em>Diversification</em>, historically embodied by gold, is not a directional bet, but a form of insurance against systemic imbalances, loss of confidence in currencies and erosion of purchasing power;</p></li><li><p><em>Opportunity</em>, represented by liquidity, is often underestimated, but plays a crucial role: it guarantees flexibility, the ability to intervene and room for decision-making when others are forced into inaction.</p></li></ul><p>These four elements, when properly balanced, create an evergreen environment capable of adapting without losing its essence. A portfolio that doesn&#8217;t need to be reinvented with every change in scenario, but only rebalanced and kept consistent with its objectives.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic" width="1050" height="1350" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQ7h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46a34353-1074-40f2-a164-8a2a3cfdf6de_1050x1350.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The older you get, the safer your investments should be | Brian Feroldi</figcaption></figure></div><h4>I quattro pilastri di un portafoglio &#171;evergreen&#187;</h4><p>La mia visione affonda le sue radici nella teoria del <a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-i-build-my-investment-portfolio">Portafoglio Permanente</a> di Harry Browne, spesso citato ma raramente compreso nella sua profondit&#224;. Browne non proponeva una formula magica n&#233; un portafoglio perfetto, ma un modo diverso di affrontare l&#8217;incertezza. La sua intuizione di fondo era semplice quanto scomoda: il futuro &#232; imprevedibile, e qualsiasi strategia basata su previsioni specifiche &#232; intrinsecamente fragile.</p><p>Il Portafoglio Permanente nasce dall&#8217;idea di costruire una struttura capace di resistere a scenari molto diversi tra loro, senza la pretesa di anticiparli. Non si tratta di massimizzare il rendimento in una fase specifica, ma di mantenere il capitale funzionale nel tempo, attraversando cicli economici, crisi, espansioni e cambiamenti strutturali. Da questa impostazione derivano i quattro pilastri fondamentali dell&#8217;investimento consapevole:</p><ul><li><p><em>Crescita</em>, rappresentata dall&#8217;azionario, ovvero il motore che consente al capitale di aumentare nel lungo periodo seguendo lo sviluppo dell&#8217;economia reale;</p></li><li><p><em>Protezione</em>, affidata all&#8217;obbligazionario di qualit&#224;, che ha il compito di stabilizzare il portafoglio e ridurne la volatilit&#224; nei momenti di stress;</p></li><li><p><em>Diversificazione</em>, storicamente incarnata dall&#8217;oro, non inteso come una scommessa direzionale, ma una forma di assicurazione contro gli squilibri del sistema, contro la perdita di fiducia nelle valute e contro l&#8217;erosione del potere d&#8217;acquisto;</p></li><li><p><em>Opportunit&#224;</em>, rappresentata dalla liquidit&#224;, che &#232; spesso sottovalutata, ma svolge un ruolo cruciale: garantisce flessibilit&#224;, capacit&#224; di intervento e margine decisionale quando gli altri sono costretti all&#8217;inazione.</p></li></ul><p>Questi quattro elementi, se correttamente bilanciati, creano un ambiente senza tempo, capace di adattarsi senza snaturarsi. Un portafoglio che non ha bisogno di essere reinventato a ogni cambio di scenario, ma solo riequilibrato e mantenuto coerente con i propri obiettivi.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The value of consistency over the long term</h4><p>Ultimately, what determines the success of an investment strategy is not its sophistication, but its ability to be maintained over time. Consistency is an underrated quality because it doesn&#8217;t make headlines, doesn&#8217;t promise immediate results and doesn&#8217;t lend itself to exciting narratives, yet it is the real difference between those who manage to build value and those who throw it away.</p><p>A one-handed portfolio promotes this consistency because it is easy to monitor, understand and explain even years later. It doesn&#8217;t require constant adjustments, only attention and discipline; it doesn&#8217;t change identity with every market cycle, but maintains a recognizable structure. This doesn&#8217;t mean immobility, but rather conscious evolution. Weights may change, instruments may be updated, but the pillars remain. And this continuity that allows the investment to perform its primary function: to accompany over time, not to entertain in the short term.</p><p>In conclusion, it should be clear that investing is an act of planning. The metaphor of the hand is not meant to be just an image for its own sake, but a practical guide. Five fingers represent five financial assets: you don&#8217;t need anything else. Adding more doesn&#8217;t make the hand (and your financial plan) stronger, but more fancy and difficult to control. The decision to return to the essentials in a world that constantly pushes towards excess is an invitation to regain control, to restore meaning to financial choices and to build portfolios that make sense, even before performance.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic" width="1456" height="578" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:578,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:341468,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363887?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r7vO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d36715-feb6-4533-b7f2-c8960a4cabbd_2440x968.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#171;The stock was recommended to me by my financial adviser, John Loomis. I like Buffett&#8217;s style. His theme is simplicity and knowing what you&#8217;re getting into when you buy a stock&#187; | The Miami Herald</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il valore della coerenza nel lungo periodo</h4><p>Alla fine, ci&#242; che determina il successo di una strategia di investimento non &#232; la sua sofisticazione, ma la sua capacit&#224; di essere mantenuta nel tempo. La coerenza &#232; una qualit&#224; sottovalutata perch&#233; non fa notizia, non promette risultati immediati, non si presta a narrazioni entusiasmanti, eppure &#232; la vera discriminante tra chi riesce a costruire valore e chi lo disperde.</p><p>Un portafoglio a una mano favorisce questa coerenza perch&#233; &#232; facile da monitorare, da comprendere e da spiegare anche a distanza di anni. Non richiede continui aggiustamenti, ma solo attenzione e disciplina; non cambia identit&#224; a ogni ciclo di mercato, ma mantiene una struttura riconoscibile. Questo non significa immobilismo, significa evoluzione consapevole. I pesi possono cambiare, gli strumenti possono essere aggiornati, ma i pilastri restano. Ed &#232; questa continuit&#224; che permette all&#8217;investimento di svolgere la sua funzione primaria: accompagnare nel tempo, non intrattenere nel breve periodo.</p><p>In conclusione, dovrebbe essere chiaro che investire &#232; un atto di progettazione. La metafora della mano non vuole essere solo un&#8217;immagine fine a se stessa, ma una guida pratica. Cinque dita rappresentano 5 asset finanziari: non hai bisogno d&#8217;altro. Aggiungere altro non rende la mano (e il tuo piano finanziario) pi&#249; forte e robusta, ma pi&#249; goffa e difficile da governare. La decisione di tornare all&#8217;essenziale in un mondo che spinge costantemente verso l&#8217;eccesso &#232; un invito a recuperare il controllo, a ridare significato alle scelte finanziarie e a costruire portafogli che abbiano un senso, prima ancora che una performance.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Wishful Thinking]]></title><description><![CDATA[A sincere wish for those who choose clarity in times of change]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/wishful-thinking</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/wishful-thinking</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 17:30:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fc165235-1cd1-40e1-8310-27d7840b2ebd_1920x1278.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We have reached the end of a long, intense and at times arduous journey. A journey that, as often happens in the markets, has been accompanied by significant numbers, double-digit performances, and usual background noise produced by the great global strategists, always ready to churn out forecasts that will inevitably be forgotten.</p><p>But this has not only been a year of markets.</p><p>Above all, it has been a year of life.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic" width="1200" height="105" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:105,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:11357,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363933?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVKy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbac7b442-a643-469c-a7b0-3cbafaf10b77_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I reach this milestone feeling genuinely tired, worn out and out of breath. Yet I also feel deeply satisfied. It is a different kind of tiredness, not the kind that leaves you feeling drained, but comes when you have given everything you had, when you have left no stone unturned, when you know you have held your head high every day, even when it would have been easier to bow it.</p><p>Those who have been following me for some time, here on the DTI newsletter (<a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/welcome">sign up here</a>, if you haven&#8217;t already done so.), on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mirkomilito/">LinkedIn</a>, or in real life, know this has been an extremely complex year. A year in which I had to face real difficulties, without safety nets, without shortcuts, often with my bare hands. I took some blows, some unexpected, others painfully predictable. I experienced moments when the path seemed to bend under the weight of scenarios that could have changed everything. Yet, even when the road became winding, I tried to keep my shoulders straight, not to back down, not to betray what I believe in.</p><p>It&#8217;s the long and hard road on the path of awareness.</p><p>Aware of my limitations, my mistakes, my fragilities and precisely for this reason, paradoxically, more solid. Because I know that, in my own small way, I made it through this time too. Not because everything went well, but because I didn&#8217;t stop when it would have been legitimate to do so.</p><p>I have never been a presumptuous person. Those who know me know this. I always put a &#171;I think&#187; or &#171;I hope&#187; in front of my statements, because I have learned that reality must be respected, observed, understood. I live with my feet firmly on the ground and have never liked flights of fancy, either in the markets or in life.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic" width="1200" height="105" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:105,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:11357,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363933?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1C5v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051709c9-e453-43f6-be20-34cea891eaf9_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>However, if there is one characteristic I recognize in myself without false modesty, it is stubbornness. The silent force that pushes you to improve every day, even when no one is watching. The desire to stand out in the right way, to be noticed for your worth, without arrogance, without shortcuts, without the need to please. It is the same strength that I hope to convey to those who cross my path, to those who come after me, to those who are perhaps just starting out today and feel lost. It is the strength that I jealously guard in order to face the difficulties, I know await me.</p><p>Because I&#8217;m the first to say it: I have not done anything yet. The best and the hardest, is yet to come. 2026 will be a big year, a real make-or-break year and I&#8217;m fully aware of that. But that&#8217;s precisely why I will face it with enthusiasm, trying to keep anxiety at bay, which is always there, punctual, knocking on the door like a bad advisor ready to make you doubt everything.</p><p>To those who are experiencing a time of great change, to those who feel suspended between what has been and what is not yet, I wish you a 2026 full of courage. Face it by thinking about the good things to come, because I have learned positive thoughts are not naivety, but seeds. And often, if nurtured with patience, they sprout.</p><p>See you in 2026!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic" width="581" height="636" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:636,&quot;width&quot;:581,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:40001,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363933?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v_iJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4036e5b2-b0bb-43d9-99de-61b414478733_581x636.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">SPX forecasts that never get it right | CNBC</figcaption></figure></div><p>Siamo arrivati alla fine di un viaggio lungo, intenso, a tratti faticoso. Un viaggio che, come spesso accade sui mercati, &#232; stato accompagnato da numeri importanti, performance a doppia cifra e dal consueto rumore di fondo prodotto dai grandi strategist globali, sempre pronti a sfornare previsioni che, puntualmente, finiranno per essere dimenticate con il cambio di calendario.</p><p>Ma questo non &#232; stato solo un anno di mercati.</p><p>&#200; stato soprattutto un anno di vita.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic" width="1200" height="105" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:105,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:11357,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363933?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIDe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F908a14c2-3676-455f-b61f-0b4afe8d00f1_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Arrivo a questo traguardo sinceramente stanco, provato, con il fiato corto. Eppure, anche profondamente soddisfatto. &#200; una stanchezza diversa, non quella che svuota, ma quella che arriva quando hai dato tutto quello che avevi, quando non hai lasciato nulla di intentato, quando sai di esserti presentato ogni giorno a testa alta, anche quando sarebbe stato pi&#249; semplice abbassarla.</p><p>Chi mi segue da tempo, qui sulla newsletter DTI (<a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/welcome">iscrivetevi qui</a>, nel caso non l&#8217;avete ancora fatto), su <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mirkomilito/">LinkedIn</a> o nella vita reale, sa che questo &#232; stato un anno estremamente complesso. Un anno in cui ho dovuto affrontare difficolt&#224; vere, senza reti di protezione, senza scorciatoie, spesso a mani nude. Ho preso schiaffi, alcuni inattesi, altri dolorosamente prevedibili. Ho vissuto momenti in cui il percorso sembrava piegarsi sotto il peso di scenari che avrebbero potuto cambiare tutto. Eppure, anche quando la strada si faceva tortuosa, ho cercato di mantenere le spalle dritte, di non arretrare, di non tradire ci&#242; in cui credo.</p><p>E&#8217; la lunga e dura strada sul sentiero della consapevolezza.</p><p>Consapevole dei miei limiti, dei miei errori, delle mie fragilit&#224;, e proprio per questo, paradossalmente, pi&#249; solido. Perch&#233; so che, nel mio piccolo, anche questa volta ce l&#8217;ho fatta. Non perch&#233; tutto sia andato bene, ma perch&#233; non mi sono fermato quando sarebbe stato legittimo farlo.</p><p>Non sono mai stato una persona presuntuosa. Chi mi conosce lo sa. Metto sempre un &#171;penso che&#187; o un &#171;spero che&#187; davanti alle mie affermazioni, perch&#233; ho imparato che la realt&#224; va rispettata, osservata, capita. Vivo con i piedi ben piantati a terra e non ho mai amato i voli pindarici, n&#233; sui mercati n&#233; nella vita.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic" width="1200" height="105" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:105,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:11357,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/182363933?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jBhV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbb8b849-cd08-435b-b825-91fd88722d1c_1200x105.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Se per&#242; c&#8217;&#232; una caratteristica che mi riconosco senza falsa modestia, &#232; la caparbiet&#224;. Quella forza silenziosa che ti spinge a migliorarti ogni giorno, anche quando nessuno guarda. Quella voglia di emergere nel modo giusto, di farsi notare per il valore che si porta, senza arroganza, senza scorciatoie, senza bisogno di compiacere. &#200; la stessa forza che spero di riuscire a trasmettere a chi incrocer&#224; il mio percorso, a chi verr&#224; dopo di me, a chi oggi magari &#232; all&#8217;inizio e si sente spaesato. &#200; la forza che custodisco gelosamente per affrontare le difficolt&#224; che so gi&#224; mi attendono.</p><p>Perch&#233; sono il primo a dirlo: non ho ancora fatto nulla. Il bello, e il difficile, deve ancora arrivare. Il 2026 sar&#224; un anno decisivo, un vero anno del tutto o niente e ne sono pienamente consapevole. Ma proprio per questo lo affronter&#242; con entusiasmo, cercando di tenere a bada l&#8217;ansia, che &#232; sempre l&#236;, puntuale, a bussare alla porta come una cattiva consigliera pronta a farti dubitare di tutto.</p><p>A chi sta vivendo un momento di grande cambiamento, a chi si sente sospeso tra ci&#242; che &#232; stato e ci&#242; che ancora non &#232;, auguro un 2026 pieno di coraggio. Di affrontarlo pensando alle cose belle che verranno, perch&#233; ho imparato che i pensieri positivi non sono ingenuit&#224;, ma semi. E spesso, se curati con pazienza, germogliano.</p><p>Ci vediamo nel 2026!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic" width="1456" height="1210" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RE3M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F39240067-dc85-4e1d-8e2c-abec6472d86d_4136x3436.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Happy New Year!</figcaption></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[AI is The New Coal]]></title><description><![CDATA[When technological progress risks becoming an irreversible debt]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/ai-is-the-new-coal</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/ai-is-the-new-coal</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2025 06:30:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/48d02c6c-4ca0-4178-843f-dcdfc5649b31_4978x3319.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are technologies that change the world and others that change the way we think about it. Artificial Intelligence undoubtedly belongs to the second category, not because it is endowed with some form of consciousness, but because it has already changed our language, expectations, idea of progress. In just a few years, it has become a kind of mental infrastructure even before a technological one.</p><p>And that&#8217;s why it is worth pausing for a moment and looking at it from a different angle than the dominant one, not to demonize it, but to remove it from the salvific rhetoric that inevitably accompanies every great industrial revolution. Because history teaches us one very simple thing: when a technology is presented as inevitable, neutral, and intrinsically positive, is the exact moment when it ceases to be viewed with clarity.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Yq0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd9249e0d-8e0d-4809-b0c6-7ff4a297abe3_4097x2731.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Will nothing be the same as before, or is there nothing new under the sun?</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ci sono tecnologie che cambiano il mondo e tecnologie che cambiano il modo in cui pensiamo il mondo. L&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale appartiene senza dubbio alla seconda categoria, non perch&#233; sia dotata di una qualche forma di coscienza, ma perch&#233; ha gi&#224; modificato il nostro linguaggio, le nostre aspettative, la nostra idea di progresso. &#200; diventata, nel giro di pochissimi anni, una sorta di infrastruttura mentale prima ancora che tecnologica.</p><p>Ed &#232; proprio per questo che vale la pena fermarsi un momento e guardarla da un&#8217;angolazione diversa da quella dominante, ma non per demonizzarla, ma per sottrarla alla retorica salvifica che inevitabilmente accompagna ogni grande rivoluzione industriale. Perch&#233; la storia insegna una cosa molto semplice: quando una tecnologia viene presentata come inevitabile, neutra e intrinsecamente positiva, &#232; il momento esatto in cui smette di essere osservata con lucidit&#224;.</p><div><hr></div><h4>History repeats itself, 200 years later</h4><p>Saying that Artificial Intelligence is the new coal is not a provocation for its own sake. It is a historical, economic and systemic metaphor. Coal was not only a source of energy, it was the material foundation of an entire industrial civilization: it powered factories, transportation, cities, economic empires; it enabled unprecedented growth and, at the same time, created structural dependencies, profound inequalities and an environmental legacy we are still paying for. No one talked about these costs at the beginning, not because they were invisible, but they were not compatible with the narrative of progress.</p><p>Today, Artificial Intelligence occupies the same symbolic space that coal occupied in the 19th century. It is the enabling technology, the one that promises to make everything more efficient, faster, more productive. It is the basis on which new business models, new economic hierarchies and new forms of power are being built, just like coal, it is portrayed as something necessary, inevitable and non-negotiable.</p><p>One of the most deceptive aspects of AI is its apparent immateriality. The language we use contributes to this illusion: cloud, models, neural networks, algorithms. Everything seems to exist in an abstract dimension, far removed from matter and energy. In reality, Artificial Intelligence is one of the most physically intensive technologies ever developed. Every response generated, every model trained, every automated process requires an enormous amount of resources: data centers operate continuously, consuming electricity at levels comparable to those of entire metropolitan areas, cooling systems use millions of liters of water, supply chains for semiconductors that depend on mining, complex chemical processes and an extremely fragile geographical concentration.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic" width="1456" height="988" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:988,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1853337,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/179183461?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Loce!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ffbd1a3-9727-4999-9c6e-da1e17e527f6_5245x3558.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">From the industrial revolution to the technological (and neural) revolution</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Corsi e ricorsi storici, 200 anni dopo</h4><p>Dire che l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale &#232; il nuovo carbone non &#232; una provocazione fine a s&#233; stessa. &#200; una metafora storica, economica e sistemica. Il carbone non &#232; stato solo una fonte di energia, &#232; stato il fondamento materiale di un&#8217;intera civilt&#224; industriale: ha alimentato fabbriche, trasporti, citt&#224;, imperi economici; ha reso possibile una crescita senza precedenti e allo stesso tempo ha creato dipendenze strutturali, disuguaglianze profonde e un&#8217;eredit&#224; ambientale che stiamo ancora pagando. Nessuno, all&#8217;inizio, parlava di questi costi, non perch&#233; fossero invisibili, ma perch&#233; non erano compatibili con la narrazione del progresso.</p><p>Oggi l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale occupa lo stesso spazio simbolico che occupava il carbone nell&#8217;Ottocento. &#200; la tecnologia abilitante, quella che promette di rendere tutto pi&#249; efficiente, pi&#249; veloce, pi&#249; produttivo. &#200; la base su cui si stanno costruendo nuovi modelli di business, nuove gerarchie economiche, nuove forme di potere, ed esattamente come il carbone, viene raccontata come qualcosa di necessario, inevitabile, non negoziabile.</p><p>Uno degli aspetti pi&#249; ingannevoli dell&#8217;IA &#232; la sua apparente immaterialit&#224;. Il linguaggio che utilizziamo contribuisce a questa illusione: cloud, modelli, reti neurali, algoritmi. Tutto sembra vivere in una dimensione astratta, lontana dalla materia e dall&#8217;energia. In realt&#224; l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale &#232; una delle tecnologie pi&#249; fisicamente intensive mai sviluppate. Ogni risposta generata, ogni modello addestrato, ogni processo automatizzato richiede una quantit&#224; enorme di risorse: data center che funzionano ininterrottamente, consumando elettricit&#224; a livelli paragonabili a quelli di intere aree metropolitane, sistemi di raffreddamento che utilizzano milioni di litri d&#8217;acqua, catene di approvvigionamento per i semiconduttori che dipendono da estrazioni minerarie, processi chimici complessi e una concentrazione geografica estremamente fragile.</p><div><hr></div><h4>High usage and low diversification: two breaking points</h4><p>Another fundamental parallel concerns the infrastructural nature of artificial intelligence. We are not talking about an accessory technology, a tool can be adopted or not. AI is becoming the basic level on which entire economic and decision-making systems are built. Like electricity or oil, once integrated, it becomes invisible, taken for granted, indispensable. This is a crucial point, because when a technology becomes infrastructure, it ceases to be evaluated in terms of costs and benefits. It simply becomes necessary, and this is exactly what happened with coal: once the industrial economy was built on it, the idea of doing without it became unthinkable (even today that feeling is deeply rooted, ed.), not because it was harmful, but because the entire system depended on it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:4615374,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/179183461?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BEuu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba13fb03-1756-460f-a730-6191dbf7481a_7330x4889.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">AI is increasingly influencing our everyday choices</figcaption></figure></div><p>We are currently building the same dependency with artificial intelligence. We are incorporating it into financial markets, business processes, strategic decisions and knowledge production. Each integration increases marginal efficiency but reduces the resilience of the system. The more everything works thanks to AI, the more its malfunction, abuse, or concentration become systemic risks. It is as if we were applying financial leverage to products already incorporate a very high systemic risk. From the point of view of economic power, the parallel with coal is even more evident. It created enormous concentrations of wealth and control: those who owned the mines and transport infrastructure controlled entire productive sectors. Artificial Intelligence is producing a similar concentration, but on an even more global scale.</p><p>Very few players control the key nodes, and we know very well who they are: advanced chip design (Nvidia), computational capacity (OpenAI), large models (Google), cloud platforms (Amazon), data flows (Meta, Microsoft, Apple, etc.). There is often talk of accessibility and democratization, but this is a superficial democratization. It is possible to use AI, but not to govern it. It is possible to benefit from it, but not to control its rules.</p><p>In financial markets, this type of structure is well known: when control of the infrastructure is concentrated, value tends to flow in the same direction. Those upstream capture increasing rents, while those downstream become progressively dependent. It is a dynamic that generates not only economic inequality, but also inequality in information and decision-making.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic" width="1456" height="1092" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CSE3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fad5a1bc3-5322-48fd-8a28-74af03ed1c7a_5184x3888.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Big companies control the main information supply chains</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Alto utilizzo e bassa diversificazione: due punti di rottura</h4><p>Un altro parallelismo fondamentale riguarda la natura infrastrutturale dell&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale. Non stiamo parlando di una tecnologia accessoria, di uno strumento che pu&#242; essere adottato o meno. L&#8217;IA sta diventando il livello di base su cui si innestano interi sistemi economici e decisionali. Come l&#8217;elettricit&#224; o il petrolio, una volta integrata diventa invisibile, scontata, imprescindibile. Questo &#232; un punto cruciale, perch&#233; quando una tecnologia diventa infrastruttura, smette di essere valutata in termini di costi e benefici. Diventa semplicemente necessaria, ed &#232; esattamente ci&#242; che &#232; accaduto con il carbone: una volta che l&#8217;economia industriale si &#232; costruita su di esso, l&#8217;idea di farne a meno &#232; diventata impensabile (ancora oggi quel sentimento &#232; ben radicato, ndr), non perch&#233; non fosse dannoso, ma perch&#233; l&#8217;intero sistema ne dipendeva.</p><p>Attualmente stiamo costruendo la stessa dipendenza con l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale. La stiamo inserendo nei mercati finanziari, nei processi aziendali, nelle decisioni strategiche, nella produzione di conoscenza. Ogni integrazione aumenta l&#8217;efficienza marginale, ma riduce la resilienza del sistema. Pi&#249; tutto funziona grazie all&#8217;IA, pi&#249; un suo malfunzionamento, un suo abuso o una sua concentrazione diventano rischi sistemici. E&#8217; come se applicassimo la leva finanziaria a prodotti che gi&#224; di per se inglobano un rischio sistemico molto alto. Dal punto di vista del potere economico, il parallelismo con il carbone &#232; ancora pi&#249; evidente. Esso ha creato enormi concentrazioni di ricchezza e controllo: chi possedeva le miniere e le infrastrutture di trasporto controllava interi settori produttivi. L&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale sta producendo una concentrazione simile, ma su scala ancora pi&#249; globale.</p><p>Pochissimi attori controllano i nodi fondamentali e sappiamo benissimo chi sono: la progettazione dei chip avanzati (Nvidia), la capacit&#224; computazionale (OpenAI), i grandi modelli (Google), le piattaforme cloud (Amazon), i flussi di dati (Meta, Microsoft, Apple ecc.). Si parla spesso di accessibilit&#224; e democratizzazione, ma si tratta di una democratizzazione superficiale. &#200; possibile usare l&#8217;AI, ma non governarla. &#200; possibile beneficiarne, ma non controllarne le regole.</p><p>Nei mercati finanziari questo tipo di struttura &#232; ben noto: quando il controllo dell&#8217;infrastruttura &#232; concentrato, il valore tende a fluire sempre nella stessa direzione. Chi &#232; a monte cattura rendite crescenti, chi &#232; a valle diventa progressivamente dipendente. &#200; una dinamica che genera disuguaglianze non solo economiche, ma anche informative e decisionali.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The hidden cost behind efficiency and convenience</h4><p>The impact on work is often treated in a simplistic way, as if the problem were solely the replacement of certain tasks. In reality, the most profound effect of artificial intelligence is redistribution of bargaining power. When technology allows cognitive skills to be standardized, replicated and automated, human labor loses its central role as a productive factor.</p><p>It doesn&#8217;t mean work will disappear, but its relative weight compared to technological capital will change. It is the same process occurred during the industrial revolution: productivity grows, but value becomes concentrated. Real wages take decades to adjust, while profits grow much faster. In the meantime, social tensions, precariousness and polarization arise. Here, too, the narrative is reassuring: new professions, opportunities, skills. All true, but as usual, truth lies somewhere in between: every technological transition creates winners &amp; losers, and coal teaches us that costs of adjustment are never distributed fairly.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic" width="1456" height="967" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:967,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1387620,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/179183461?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Js-D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8970e3ed-3032-48de-ae90-587c8be10919_4288x2848.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Developing sensitivity is a necessity for the environment and for human beings</figcaption></figure></div><p>From a financial point of view, Artificial Intelligence has another feature that should give pause for thought: temporal asymmetry between benefits and costs. The benefits are immediate, quantifiable and presentable in financial statements and pitches to investors. Costs are deferred, diffuse and difficult to attribute to a single actor. It is the same dynamic that fuels speculative bubbles. When a technology promises to increase future productivity, market tends to anticipate those benefits in the present, often excessively. Valuations rise, expectations inflate, risk is underestimated. As long as the system holds up, no one has any interest in slowing down.</p><p>The problem is that systems built on structural dependencies don&#8217;t fail in a linear fashion. They collapse when an invisible threshold is crossed. This, too, is a historical lesson from coal and, more generally, from large energy infrastructures. To say that Artificial Intelligence is the new coal is therefore to recognize we are not facing a simple technological innovation, but a systemic transformation. It means accepting progress always has a real cost, even when it is masked by efficiency and convenience. It means stopping confusing the fact that something works with the fact it is sustainable in the long term.</p><p>Coal was not an absolute evil, but a historical milestone. But it was also a choice made without full awareness of the consequences. Today we have an advantage was lacking then: we know the script, the dynamics between technology, power, and dependence work, and we know that ignoring the costs doesn&#8217;t eliminate them, it amplifies. The real question, then, is not whether Artificial Intelligence is good or bad. The question is whether we are repeating, with more sophisticated tools, the same mistake we have always made: confusing inevitability with the absence of alternatives and progress with the suspension of critical thinking.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:484340,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/179183461?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aE-b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd1515ab-d36a-4d41-976d-78a7603343da_3500x2333.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Ignoring costs doesn&#8217;t eliminate them, but amplifies</figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il costo mascherato dietro l&#8217;efficienza e comodit&#224;</h4><p>L&#8217;impatto sul lavoro viene spesso trattato in modo semplicistico, come se il problema fosse esclusivamente la sostituzione di alcune mansioni. In realt&#224; l&#8217;effetto pi&#249; profondo dell&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale &#232; la redistribuzione del potere contrattuale. Quando una tecnologia permette di standardizzare, replicare e automatizzare competenze cognitive, il lavoro umano perde centralit&#224; come fattore produttivo.</p><p>Questo non significa che il lavoro scomparir&#224; ma che cambier&#224; il suo peso relativo rispetto al capitale tecnologico. &#200; lo stesso processo che si &#232; verificato durante la rivoluzione industriale: la produttivit&#224; cresce, ma il valore si concentra. I salari reali impiegano decenni per adeguarsi, mentre i profitti crescono molto pi&#249; rapidamente. Nel frattempo si creano tensioni sociali, precariet&#224;, polarizzazione. Anche qui la narrazione &#232; rassicurante: nuove professioni, nuove opportunit&#224;, nuove competenze. Tutto vero, ma come al solito la verit&#224; sta nel mezzo: ogni transizione tecnologica crea vincitori e vinti, e il carbone insegna che i costi di aggiustamento non sono mai distribuiti in modo equo.</p><p>Dal punto di vista finanziario, l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale presenta un&#8217;altra caratteristica che dovrebbe far riflettere: l&#8217;asimmetria temporale tra benefici e costi. I benefici sono immediati, quantificabili, presentabili nei bilanci e nei pitch agli investitori. I costi sono differiti, diffusi, difficili da attribuire a un singolo attore. &#200; la stessa dinamica che alimenta le bolle speculative. Quando una tecnologia promette di aumentare la produttivit&#224; futura, il mercato tende ad anticipare quei benefici nel presente, spesso in modo eccessivo. Le valutazioni salgono, le aspettative si gonfiano, il rischio viene sottovalutato. Finch&#233; il sistema regge, nessuno ha interesse a rallentare.</p><p>Il problema &#232; che i sistemi costruiti su dipendenze strutturali non falliscono in modo lineare. Collassano quando una soglia invisibile viene superata. Anche questo &#232; un insegnamento storico del carbone e, pi&#249; in generale, delle grandi infrastrutture energetiche. Dire che l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale &#232; il nuovo carbone significa quindi riconoscere che non siamo di fronte a una semplice innovazione tecnologica, ma a una trasformazione sistemica. Significa accettare che il progresso ha sempre un costo reale, anche quando viene mascherato da efficienza e comodit&#224;. Significa smettere di confondere il fatto che qualcosa funzioni con il fatto che sia sostenibile nel lungo periodo.</p><p>Il carbone non &#232; stato il male assoluto, bens&#236; una tappa storica. Ma &#232; stato anche una scelta fatta senza piena consapevolezza delle conseguenze. Oggi abbiamo un vantaggio che allora mancava: conosciamo il copione, sappiamo come funziona la dinamica tra tecnologia, potere e dipendenza e sappiamo che ignorare i costi non li elimina, li amplifica. La vera domanda, quindi, non &#232; se l&#8217;Intelligenza Artificiale sia buona o cattiva. La domanda &#232; se stiamo ripetendo, con strumenti pi&#249; sofisticati, lo stesso errore di sempre: scambiare l&#8217;inevitabilit&#224; con l&#8217;assenza di alternative, e il progresso con la sospensione del pensiero critico.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[From Rebel to System: The New Face of Bitcoin]]></title><description><![CDATA[Digital gold no longer lives on the sidelines: why Bitcoin now moves with the S&P500]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/from-rebel-to-system-the-new-face</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/from-rebel-to-system-the-new-face</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2025 06:30:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b2d66135-5b2f-4ea7-80c8-d3a45ee97fa7_3012x2008.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Over the past ten years, we have become accustomed to describing Bitcoin as an anomaly. An unidentified financial object, born as a libertarian response to the traditional banking system, growing on the fringes of the regulated perimeter, idolized by some as a tool for monetary emancipation and demonized by others as a pure speculative bubble. Yet, the chart by <a href="https://newsletter.anthilialab.it/lampi-colore/seduta-tranquilla-oggi-in-attesa-dei-dati-macro-importanti-di-domani/">Giuseppe Sersale of Anthilia</a> that we are examining today forces us to take a qualitative leap in our analysis. Because here we are not observing an alien creature, disconnected from the rest of the markets. Here we see, clearly, the increasingly evident overlap between the performance of Bitcoin and that of the S&amp;P500.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic" width="736" height="530" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:530,&quot;width&quot;:736,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:84617,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/180707542?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZBj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d4b8c8e-cda9-4736-bcf7-3987a4484f75_736x530.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Correlation between BTC-SPX and sell-offs | Giusepper Sersale on Bloomberg</figcaption></figure></div><p>The two curves, US stock index in white and Bitcoin in yellow, now run almost like two brothers who, despite their different ways, react to the same stimuli. The great phases of euphoria, violent corrections, moments of systemic stress, central bank interventions, macroeconomic turning points: all of this is reflected in both instruments. With different speeds and amplitudes, of course. But direction is often the same and that&#8217;s the key point.</p><p>Bitcoin was not created to be correlated with the stock market; it was created for exactly the opposite reason, in 2009, on the ruins of the global financial crisis, as a radical response to mistrust in the banking system, as a currency without a state, central bank, brokers. The original idea was to create an independent, non-manipulable, neutral exchange system, removed from the logic of expansionary monetary policies and public bailouts. A sort of &#171;digital gold&#187; ante litteram, but with an almost antagonistic vocation with respect to traditional finance. Yet, looking at this chart, reality is very different from that birth certificate. Today, Bitcoin moves like a global market asset:</p><ul><li><p>it reacts to liquidity</p></li><li><p>it suffers when rates rise</p></li><li><p>it soars when monetary policies become expansionary</p></li><li><p>it is liquidated in times of panic along with stocks</p></li><li><p>it is accumulated in risk-on phases like any other speculative asset</p></li></ul><p>Its original ideological DNA has not disappeared, but has been incorporated into a market structure that has made it, in fact, an integral part of the financial system. This integration process didn&#8217;t happen by chance. It happened because Bitcoin has become, over time, a tangible asset: no longer just a protocol for technicians and cypherpunks, but a tool present in balance sheets, portfolios, and investment strategies. The concept of digital gold, which for years was a narrative suggestion, now has operational substance. Not so much because Bitcoin always behaves like gold in fact, it often moves in the opposite direction, but because it has taken on a strategic function: an alternative reserve, a scarce asset by definition, a potential diversification tool.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic" width="1072" height="1341" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1341,&quot;width&quot;:1072,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:224408,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/180707542?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Djle!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91550554-c1ec-49a9-9a1b-6d292c644df9_1072x1341.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>17 years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto dropped a 9-page PDF titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Negli ultimi dieci anni siamo stati abituati a raccontare il Bitcoin come un&#8217;anomalia. Un oggetto finanziario non identificato, nato come risposta libertaria al sistema bancario tradizionale, cresciuto ai margini del perimetro regolamentato, idolatrato da alcuni come strumento di emancipazione monetaria e demonizzato da altri come pura bolla speculativa. Eppure, il grafico di <a href="https://newsletter.anthilialab.it/lampi-colore/seduta-tranquilla-oggi-in-attesa-dei-dati-macro-importanti-di-domani/">Giuseppe Sersale di Anthilia</a> che mettiamo oggi sotto la lente d&#8217;ingrandimento ci costringe a fare un salto di qualit&#224; nell&#8217;analisi. Perch&#233; qui non stiamo osservando una creatura aliena, scollegata dal resto dei mercati. Qui vediamo, in modo chiaro, la sovrapposizione sempre pi&#249; evidente tra l&#8217;andamento del Bitcoin e quello dell&#8217;S&amp;P500.</p><p>Le due curve, quella dell&#8217;indice azionario americano in bianco e quella del Bitcoin in giallo, scorrono ormai quasi come due fratelli che, pur con temperamenti diversi, reagiscono agli stessi stimoli. Le grandi fasi di euforia, le correzioni violente, i momenti di stress sistemico, gli interventi delle banche centrali, le svolte macroeconomiche: tutto questo si riflette su entrambi gli strumenti. Con velocit&#224; e ampiezze diverse, certo. Ma la direzione &#232; spesso la stessa, e questo &#232; il punto centrale.</p><p>Il Bitcoin non nasce per essere correlato al mercato azionario, nasce esattamente per il contrario, nel 2009, sulle macerie della crisi finanziaria globale, come risposta radicale alla sfiducia nel sistema bancario, come moneta senza Stato, banca centrale, intermediari. L&#8217;idea originaria era quella di creare un sistema di scambio indipendente, non manipolabile, neutrale, sottratto alla logica delle politiche monetarie espansive e dei salvataggi pubblici. Una sorta di &#171;oro digitale&#187; ante litteram, ma con una vocazione quasi antagonista rispetto alla finanza tradizionale. Eppure, guardando questo grafico, la realt&#224; &#232; molto diversa da quell&#8217;atto di nascita. Oggi il Bitcoin si muove come un asset di mercato globale:</p><ul><li><p>reagisce alla liquidit&#224;</p></li><li><p>soffre quando salgono i tassi</p></li><li><p>vola quando le politiche monetarie diventano espansive</p></li><li><p>viene liquidato nelle fasi di panico insieme alle azioni</p></li><li><p>viene accumulato nelle fasi di risk-on come qualunque altro asset speculativo</p></li></ul><p>Il suo DNA ideologico originario non &#232; scomparso, ma &#232; stato inglobato dentro una struttura di mercato che lo ha reso, di fatto, parte integrante del sistema finanziario. Questo processo di integrazione non &#232; avvenuto per caso. &#200; avvenuto perch&#233; il Bitcoin &#232; diventato, nel tempo, un asset tangibile: non pi&#249; solo un protocollo per tecnici e cypherpunk, ma uno strumento presente nei bilanci, nei portafogli, nelle strategie di investimento. Il concetto di oro digitale, che per anni &#232; stato una suggestione narrativa, oggi ha una sua concretezza operativa. Non tanto perch&#233; il Bitcoin si comporti sempre come l&#8217;oro, anzi spesso si muove in modo opposto, quanto perch&#233; ne ha assunto una funzione strategica: riserva alternativa, asset scarso per definizione, strumento di diversificazione potenziale.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The iconic case of Strategy (and beyond)</h4><p>Michael Saylor, known as the founder of Strategy Inc, formerly known as MicroStrategy (an American company that provides business intelligence and mobile software, ed.), has effectively transformed and incorporated Bitcoin into his core business. Not as a side business, not as a marketing ploy, but as the sole backbone of its financial strategy. Strategy is no longer just a software house: it is a financial vehicle accumulates Bitcoin using leverage, bond issues and structured finance instruments. Its stock market listing has become a proxy for Bitcoin itself. This is a historic step, because it definitively marks the entry of digital assets into the world of high-level corporate strategies.</p><p>But Strategy is not an isolated exception. More and more public companies have included Bitcoin in their balance sheets, to a greater or lesser extent, as an alternative treasury asset. At the same time, another perhaps even more transformation has taken place: the structural entry of asset managers. Today, many mutual funds, hedge funds, private equity funds, ETFs and institutional vehicles have a small but significant exposure to the crypto world. Often, these are not even direct investments in Bitcoin, but in related instruments, companies in the sector, blockchain infrastructure, mining, dedicated semiconductors and digital payment platforms.</p><p>This means one very simple but revolutionary thing: Bitcoin is no longer a separate world. It is inside traditional portfolios, within the chain of financial correlations, risk management mechanisms, asset allocation, automatic rebalancing, margin calls and leverage. And when it enters these circuits, it inevitably begins to move like other risk assets. The correlation shows this clearly and major crises are now synchronized. The Covid crash of 2020 saw Bitcoin and S&amp;P500 sink together. The hyper-liquidity phase of 2020-2021 saw them both explode. The monetary tightening of 2022 overwhelmed them simultaneously. The subsequent recovery follows, once again, the same pattern. It is no longer possible to argue Bitcoin is an asset totally uncorrelated with traditional financial markets. On the contrary, its correlation with equities, especially in times of stress and excess, has become a structural fact.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic" width="624" height="325" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:325,&quot;width&quot;:624,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:12775,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/180707542?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Px3k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F26ebb94c-5bcb-4a22-835b-f049efc086c8_624x325.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Bitcoin moves in the directional of global M2 83% of the time; more than other assets | Lyn Alden</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>It doesn&#8217;t mean Bitcoin has lost its identity. It remains an asset with higher volatility, its own dynamics and often amplified cycles. But it does mean context in which it is traded is now the same as of S&amp;P500 and technology and in a sense reflects the &#171;Magnificent 7&#187;. Liquidity enters the markets also enters Bitcoin. Liquidity exits the markets also exits Bitcoin. The same funds lighten their equity positions also reduce their crypto exposure. The same automatic rebalancing that sells equities also sells Bitcoin. The same logic of risk parity, Value at Risk and volatility control now also encompasses digital assets.</p><p>And this is where the myth of Bitcoin as a pure hedge against the system finally falls apart. In the short and mid term, Bitcoin behaves much more like a risk asset than a safe haven. It is not classic gold holds up in times of crisis, but much more like a hyper-volatile version of the Nasdaq. This doesn&#8217;t make it any less interesting, but it does make it more honest from an analytical point of view.</p><p>Bitcoin&#8217;s real protection is not in its ability to rise when everything else collapses, because almost never happens. Its protection lies in the long term, in its structurally deflationary nature, in its limited supply mechanism, and in its independence from national budgets. But in the meantime, before long term comes to fruition, Bitcoin lives and breathes within global financial markets and today it depends on those markets much more than we would like to admit. This is also why more and more professional managers treat it with the same discipline with which they treat stocks. A small, controlled position, part of a diversified portfolio. No longer an ideological gamble, but a tactical and strategic tool. A spice in a complex recipe, no longer the main course.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic" width="595" height="415" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:415,&quot;width&quot;:595,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:26248,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/180707542?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rIQj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fa11baf-77ea-4473-bd40-d33804269c9a_595x415.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Global M2 or broad money is mainly affected by the rate of global money creation and strength of the dollar relative to other fiat currencies | Lyn Alden</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>If we return to the image of Bitcoin as digital gold, we need to update it. It is no longer gold stored in vaults outside the system. It is gold travels within the financial system, traded, securitized, used as collateral, included in stress tests, and valued in balance sheets. This explains why its fluctuations are no longer anarchic, but increasingly linked to the centers of gravity of global finance. In this sense, the chart is a perfect snapshot of Bitcoin&#8217;s maturation. It doesn&#8217;t certify its demise as an alternative instrument: certifies its definitive entry into the age of the markets. An age of correlations, cycles, excesses, normalizations, bubbles and deflations, just like any other major financial asset.</p><p>For those who build portfolios, who provide advice, who seek to truly understand where risk lies today, this is a crucial step. Because Bitcoin can no longer be analyzed as if it existed on a separate plane. Today, it must be read together with equities, together with interest rates, liquidity, with the choices of central banks. Just as chart suggests, which says more than words ever could about the true evolutionary leap of cryptocurrencies: from a revolution against the system to an organic component of the system itself.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic" width="900" height="506" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:506,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:38304,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/180707542?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!T-IW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F46782f09-2669-4ed7-88b3-57a065317b3b_900x506.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Bitcoin drawdown since inception | CryptoQuant</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>L&#8217;emblematico caso di Strategy (e non solo)</h4><p>Michael Saylor, noto alle cronache come il fondatore di Strategy Inc, precedentemente nota come MicroStrategy (azienda americana che fornisce software di business intelligence e mobile, ndr) ha di fatto trasformato e inglobato Bitcoin nel proprio core business. Non come attivit&#224; accessoria, non come prezzo di marketing, ma come unico asse portante della propria strategia finanziaria. Strategy non &#232; pi&#249; soltanto una software house: &#232; un veicolo finanziario che accumula Bitcoin utilizzando leva, emissioni obbligazionarie, strumenti di finanza strutturata. Il suo titolo in Borsa &#232; diventato una proxy del Bitcoin stesso. Questo passaggio &#232; storico, perch&#233; sancisce definitivamente l&#8217;ingresso dell&#8217;asset digitale nel mondo delle strategie corporate di alto livello.</p><p>Ma Strategy non &#232; un&#8217;eccezione isolata. Sempre pi&#249; aziende quotate hanno inserito Bitcoin in bilancio, in misura pi&#249; o meno rilevante, come asset di tesoreria alternativa. E parallelamente &#232; avvenuta un&#8217;altra trasformazione forse ancora pi&#249; profonda: l&#8217;ingresso strutturale degli asset manager. Oggi numerosi fondi comuni, fondi hedge, fondi di private equity, ETF e veicoli istituzionali hanno una quota, piccola ma significativa, esposta al mondo crypto. Spesso non si tratta nemmeno di investimenti diretti in Bitcoin, ma in strumenti collegati, in societ&#224; del settore, in infrastrutture blockchain, in mining, in semiconduttori dedicati, in piattaforme di pagamento digitali.</p><p>Questo significa una cosa molto semplice ma rivoluzionaria: il Bitcoin non &#232; pi&#249; un mondo separato. &#200; dentro i portafogli tradizionali, all&#8217;interno della catena delle correlazioni finanziarie, i meccanismi di risk management, di asset allocation, di ribilanciamento automatico, di margin call, di leverage. E quando entra dentro questi circuiti, inevitabilmente inizia a muoversi come gli altri asset di rischio. La correlazione lo mostra con chiarezza e le grandi crisi sono ormai sincronizzate. Il crollo Covid del 2020 vede Bitcoin e S&amp;P500 affondare insieme. La fase di iper-liquidit&#224; del 2020-2021 li vede esplodere entrambi. La stretta monetaria del 2022 li travolge simultaneamente. Il recupero successivo segue, ancora una volta, lo stesso ritmo. Non &#232; pi&#249; possibile sostenere che il Bitcoin sia un bene totalmente decorrelato dai mercati finanziari tradizionali. Al contrario, la sua correlazione con l&#8217;azionario, soprattutto nelle fasi di stress e di eccesso, &#232; diventata un fatto strutturale.</p><p>Questo non significa che il Bitcoin abbia perso la sua identit&#224;. Rimane un asset con una volatilit&#224; superiore, con dinamiche proprie, con cicli spesso amplificati. Ma significa che il contesto in cui viene scambiato &#232; ormai lo stesso dell&#8217;S&amp;P500, della tecnologia e rispecchia in un certo senso, &#171;le Magnifiche 7&#187;. La liquidit&#224; che entra nei mercati entra anche nel Bitcoin. Quella che esce dai mercati esce anche dal Bitcoin. Gli stessi fondi che alleggeriscono le posizioni azionarie riducono anche l&#8217;esposizione crypto. Gli stessi ribilanciamenti automatici che vendono equity vendono anche Bitcoin. Le stesse logiche di risk parity, di Value at Risk, di controllo della volatilit&#224;, oggi inglobano anche gli asset digitali.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1169599,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/180707542?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W5mc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb2d0f389-071d-4ae0-a632-3499bdc729b5_4096x2732.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Wall Street abbraccia Bitcoin | Binance</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ed &#232; qui che cade definitivamente il mito del Bitcoin come strumento di pura protezione dal sistema. Nel breve e medio periodo, il Bitcoin si comporta molto pi&#249; come un asset di rischio che come un bene rifugio. Non &#232; l&#8217;oro classico che regge nelle fasi di crisi, ma molto pi&#249; simile al Nasdaq in versione iper-volatile. Questo non lo rende meno interessante, ma lo rende pi&#249; onesto dal punto di vista dell&#8217;analisi.</p><p>La vera protezione del Bitcoin non &#232; nella sua capacit&#224; di salire quando tutto crolla, perch&#233; questo non accade quasi mai. La sua protezione &#232; nel lungo periodo, nella sua natura strutturalmente deflattiva, nel meccanismo di offerta limitata, nella sua indipendenza dai bilanci degli Stati. Ma nel frattempo, prima che quel lungo periodo si compia, il Bitcoin vive e respira dentro i mercati finanziari globali, e da quei mercati oggi dipende molto pi&#249; di quanto si voglia ammettere. Questo &#232; anche il motivo per cui sempre pi&#249; gestori professionali lo trattano con la stessa disciplina con cui trattano le azioni. Posizione piccola, controllata, inserita in un contesto di portafoglio diversificato. Non pi&#249; scommessa ideologica, ma strumento tattico e strategico. Una spezia dentro una ricetta complessa, non pi&#249; il piatto principale.</p><p>Se torniamo all&#8217;immagine del Bitcoin come oro digitale, dobbiamo aggiornarla. Non &#232; pi&#249; l&#8217;oro custodito nel caveau fuori dal sistema. &#200; l&#8217;oro che viaggia dentro il sistema finanziario, scambiato, cartolarizzato, utilizzato come collaterale, inserito negli stress test, valorizzato nei bilanci. Questo spiega perch&#233; le sue oscillazioni oggi non sono pi&#249; anarchiche, ma sempre pi&#249; agganciate ai centri di gravit&#224; della finanza globale. Il grafico in questo senso, &#232; una fotografia perfetta della maturazione del Bitcoin. Non ne certifica la fine come strumento alternativo. Ne certifica l&#8217;ingresso definitivo nell&#8217;et&#224; adulta dei mercati. Un&#8217;et&#224; fatta di correlazioni, di cicli, di eccessi, di normalizzazioni, di bolle e di sgonfiamenti, esattamente come accade per qualunque altro grande asset finanziario.</p><p>E per chi costruisce portafogli, per chi fa consulenza, per chi cerca di capire davvero dove si muove il rischio oggi, questo &#232; un passaggio cruciale. Perch&#233; non si pu&#242; pi&#249; analizzare il Bitcoin come se vivesse in un piano separato. Oggi va letto insieme all&#8217;azionario, insieme ai tassi, insieme alla liquidit&#224;, insieme alle scelte delle banche centrali. Esattamente come ci suggerisce questo grafico, che pi&#249; di tante parole racconta il vero salto evolutivo delle criptovalute: da rivoluzione contro il sistema a componente organica del sistema stesso.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Background Noise]]></title><description><![CDATA[Useful tips and reflections on how to avoid getting caught up in the flow of junk information, capturing and remembering only the things that matter]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/background-noise</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/background-noise</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2025 06:30:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e777b85f-7fa8-4520-9555-d35a4ab2198b_7200x4050.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Anyone who works in the financial markets are used to dealing with a constant flow of information. Every day, macro reports, strategy notes, sector research, data, discussions, books and newsletters accumulate. The quantity is such it creates the illusion that reading a lot is enough to understand a lot, as if simply being exposed to content were in itself a competitive advantage. In reality, the opposite is true: information only becomes useful when it is retained, connected, reworked and transformed into something can actually be used. And this is where a topic comes into play that is rarely discussed, almost always in the background, but which has a decisive impact on the quality of choices: memory.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic" width="1456" height="820" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:820,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:549518,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/178990104?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dyk9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67ba2fe8-9d13-45b7-8b88-3f1ccd184a66_3936x2216.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>The constant stream of content creates the illusion of knowledge</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Chi lavora sui mercati finanziari, &#232; abituato a confrontarsi con un flusso costante di informazioni. Ogni giorno si accumulano report macro, note di strategia, ricerche settoriali, dati, discussioni, libri, newsletter. La quantit&#224; &#232; tale da generare l&#8217;illusione che sia sufficiente leggere molto per capire molto, come se la semplice esposizione ai contenuti fosse di per s&#233; un vantaggio competitivo. In realt&#224; accade il contrario: l&#8217;informazione diventa utile solo quando viene trattenuta, collegata, rielaborata e trasformata in qualcosa che si pu&#242; realmente utilizzare. Ed &#232; qui che entra in gioco un tema di cui si parla pochissimo, quasi sempre sullo sfondo, ma che ha un peso decisivo sulla qualit&#224; delle scelte: la memoria.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Data and models require a method, not accumulation</h4><p>Investors tend to imagine memory as a more or less efficient archive, a more or less capacious container, but this is a mistaken image. Memory functions as a filter, an automatic selector decides what remains and what is eliminated, and this process is not neutral but follows very specific dynamics. When reading is passive, when you scroll through a text without stopping to interpret it, when you don&#8217;t rework what you encounter, the brain simply doesn&#8217;t retain it. The result is that much of the financial information consumed every day evaporates, leaving room only for what is immediate, loud, emotionally stronger, or more recent. And this is where behavioral finance once again becomes an indispensable lens for understanding how this dynamic really influences investor behavior.</p><p>The mind remembers above all what confirms what we already believe, a mechanism of cognitive economy that simplifies reality but makes it less accurate. When we don&#8217;t have a robust memory, our attention ends up focusing on recent events, the latest market movements, the latest economic news and the most visible comments. This is the natural terrain of recency bias, i.e., tendency to overestimate what has happened recently and underestimate the broader context. In the absence of a structured memory, every episode of volatility becomes exceptional, every rise seems like the beginning of a trend and every correction appears to be the prelude to something more serious. The recent history of the markets is full of examples of investors who have reacted to the last few days by erasing the last few years.</p><p>The key point is that memory is not just a personal skill, but an operational element of the decision-making process. Those who work in the markets make decisions based less on the information they possess and more on what they remember when they need to recall it. The difference is substantial: if memory is fragmented, emotional, or distorted, so will decisions be. If readings don&#8217;t settle, become mental models and integrate, each new piece of data is interpreted as an isolated episode. The result is a decision-making process dominated by the present, unable to connect the dots and therefore vulnerable to the same mistakes that repeat themselves cyclically.</p><p>Many of techniques we know serve precisely to bridge this gap between reading and memory. Exposure to information alone is not enough: the brain needs to be forced to work. Previewing a text, active reading, paraphrasing, careful selection of highlights, rewriting concepts, spaced repetition and summarizing in the form of permanent notes are not school exercises, but tools for transforming content from a momentary stimulus into stable knowledge. Anyone who reads financial reports knows how easy it is to remember headlines and forget numbers, to be impressed by narratives and lose sight of the data. Active reading serves precisely to achieve the opposite: it forces us to understand, not just to record.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1948970,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/178990104?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFJU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5908447-d16b-43ad-ae4c-e08ad8d242cc_6261x4174.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Memory turns raw data into operational knowledge</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>I dati e i modelli richiedono un metodo, non un accumulo</h4><p>Chi investe tende a immaginare la memoria come un archivio pi&#249; o meno efficiente, un contenitore pi&#249; o meno capiente, ma &#232; un&#8217;immagine sbagliata. La memoria funziona come un filtro, un selettore automatico che decide cosa resta e cosa viene eliminato, e questo processo non &#232; neutrale, ma segue dinamiche molto specifiche. Quando la lettura &#232; passiva, quando si scorre un testo senza fermarsi a interpretarlo, quando non si rielabora ci&#242; che si incontra, il cervello semplicemente non trattiene. Il risultato &#232; che gran parte delle informazioni finanziarie consumate ogni giorno evapora, lasciando spazio solo a ci&#242; che &#232; immediato, rumoroso, emotivamente pi&#249; forte o pi&#249; recente. Ed &#232; qui che la finanza comportamentale torna a essere una lente indispensabile per capire come questa dinamica influenzi davvero il comportamento degli investitori.</p><p>La mente ricorda soprattutto ci&#242; che conferma quello in cui gi&#224; crediamo, un meccanismo di economia cognitiva che semplifica la realt&#224; ma la rende meno accurata. Quando non abbiamo una memoria robusta, la nostra attenzione finisce per concentrarsi sugli eventi recenti, sugli ultimi movimenti del mercato, sulle ultime notizie economiche, sui commenti pi&#249; visibili. Questo &#232; il terreno naturale del <em>recency bias</em>, ovvero la tendenza a sopravvalutare ci&#242; che &#232; accaduto da poco e a sottostimare i contesti pi&#249; ampi. In assenza di una memoria strutturata, ogni episodio di volatilit&#224; diventa eccezionale, ogni rialzo sembra l&#8217;inizio di un trend, ogni correzione appare come il preludio di qualcosa di pi&#249; grave. La storia recente dei mercati &#232; piena di esempi di investitori che hanno reagito agli ultimi giorni cancellando gli ultimi anni.</p><p>Il punto centrale &#232; che la memoria non &#232; solo una competenza personale, ma un elemento operativo del processo decisionale. Chi lavora sui mercati prende decisioni basandosi meno sulle informazioni che possiede e pi&#249; su quelle che ricorda nel momento in cui serve richiamarle. La differenza &#232; sostanziale: se la memoria &#232; frammentata, emotiva o distorta, anche le decisioni lo saranno. Se le letture non si sedimentano, non diventano modelli mentali e non si integrano, ogni nuovo dato viene interpretato come episodio isolato. Il risultato &#232; un processo decisionale dominato dal presente, incapace di collegare i punti e quindi vulnerabile agli stessi errori che si ripetono ciclicamente.</p><p>Molte delle tecniche che conosciamo servono proprio a colmare questo divario tra lettura e memoria. La sola esposizione all&#8217;informazione non basta: il cervello ha bisogno di essere costretto a lavorare. L&#8217;anteprima di un testo, la lettura attiva, la parafrasi, la selezione accurata delle evidenziazioni, la riscrittura dei concetti, il ripasso distanziato, la sintesi in forma di nota permanente non sono esercizi scolastici, ma strumenti per trasformare un contenuto da stimolo momentaneo a conoscenza stabile. Chiunque legga report finanziari sa quanto sia facile ricordare i titoli e dimenticare i numeri, restare colpiti dalle narrazioni e perdere di vista i dati. La lettura attiva serve proprio a realizzare l&#8217;opposto: obbliga a comprendere, non soltanto a registrare.</p><div><hr></div><h4>When will memory be put to the test again?</h4><p>If we look at how professional investors approach continuing education, we see that many of them apply memory techniques without declaring it. Jotting down a passage from outlook is a form of active processing. Comparing a macro update with previous years is a better way to contextualize. Rereading a report after a week is a rudimentary form of spaced repetition. Drafting a note to clients is an operational translation of the Feynman method. None of these activities are random: they are the way the mind fixes information, connects it to existing structures and integrates it into a coherent model.</p><p>From this point of view, memory becomes an integral part of the investor&#8217;s mental models. Not remembering a concept doesn&#8217;t just mean forgetting it, it means losing a piece of the structure. Those who study finance know how important it is not to work with isolated ideas, but to place them within a broader framework. Memory serves precisely this purpose: it builds continuity. Without continuity, every fact becomes an exception. And when everything seems like an exception, we end up reacting rather than interpreting.</p><p>This continuity directly affects the way we perceive risk. An investor who doesn&#8217;t remember how assets have performed in the past will tend to overestimate the volatility of the present. An investor who doesn&#8217;t remember previous economic cycles will be more inclined to interpret a correction as a structural reversal. An investor who doesn&#8217;t remember how macro variables relate to each other will end up attributing significance to fluctuations that have little meaning. Memory, therefore, is not just a matter of learning, but a component of emotional and operational stability.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic" width="1206" height="789" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:789,&quot;width&quot;:1206,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:247458,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/178990104?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IndT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4af5a43d-1467-4541-a716-aadb67d912ec_1206x789.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Crisis is not an anomaly, it is a recurring feature</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>The market is an environment rewards those who keep the thread of conversation going, not those who react to noise. And ability to keep the thread going depends much more on memory than we would like to admit. A well-trained memory allows us to recognize recurring patterns, to reinterpret events in a broader context, to remember what worked and what didn&#8217;t in previous situations. This doesn&#8217;t mean identifying certainties, but building a repertoire of precedents that reduces anxiety about the unexpected. In other words, memory reduces the need to reinvent the process every time.</p><p>In a context where the speed of information has increased, memory has taken on an even more central role. There is no time to check everything, to process every new piece of data from scratch: this is how high-speed trading algorithms work. A good financial memory functions as a hidden infrastructure that allows you to find your way even when the flow of news is too fast to be consciously managed. This is why those with solid mental models seem less reactive and more stable: not because they ignore information, but because they filter it through a denser network.</p><p>For this reason, talking about memory in finance is not an academic discussion, but rather an operational one. Memory influences the way we read markets and how we behave in relation to them. It influences our ability to stick to a strategy when prices are moving in the opposite direction, the speed with which we allow ourselves to be influenced by the opinions of others and the way we react to noise. It is interesting to note that many wrong choices don&#8217;t stem from a lack of information, but from the fact that information has not had time to become knowledge.</p><p>The point is not to have a larger memory, but a more structured one. The difference lies not in the quantity of what we remember, but in the quality of the connections we are able to make. In a market where everything changes rapidly, investor&#8217;s internal continuity becomes as strategic an element as asset allocation or the choice of instruments. It is a way of reducing the weight of immediacy and increasing that of consistency.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic" width="1290" height="902" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:902,&quot;width&quot;:1290,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:171823,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/178990104?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P653!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8ecff30-6e9c-4a0e-90be-c39c7bf84c00_1290x902.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>Without memory, every collapse looks like a surprise</em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Quando la memoria sar&#224; messa nuovamente alla prova?</h4><p>Se osserviamo il modo in cui gli investitori professionali affrontano la formazione continua, notiamo che molti di loro applicano senza dichiararlo molte tecniche di memoria. Annotare un passaggio di un <em>Outlook</em> &#232; una forma di elaborazione attiva. Confrontare un aggiornamento macro con gli anni precedenti &#232; un modo migliore per contestualizzare. Rileggere un report dopo una settimana &#232; una forma rudimentale di ripetizione a distanza di tempo. Redigere una nota ai clienti &#232; una traduzione operativa del metodo Feynman. Nessuna di queste attivit&#224; &#232; casuale: sono il modo in cui la mente fissa le informazioni, le collega alla struttura gi&#224; presente e le integra in un modello coerente.</p><p>Da questo punto di vista, la memoria diventa una parte integrante dei modelli mentali dell&#8217;investitore. Non ricordare un concetto non significa solo averlo dimenticato, significa aver perso un pezzo di struttura. Chi studia finanza sa quanto sia importante non lavorare con idee isolate, ma collocarle dentro un quadro pi&#249; ampio. La memoria serve proprio a questo: costruisce continuit&#224;. Senza continuit&#224;, ogni fatto torna a essere eccezione. E quando tutto sembra un&#8217;eccezione, si finisce per reagire anzich&#233; interpretare.</p><p>Questa continuit&#224; influisce direttamente sul modo in cui si percepisce il rischio. Un investitore che non ricorda come si sono comportati gli asset in passato tender&#224; a sovrastimare la volatilit&#224; del presente. Un investitore che non ricorda i cicli economici precedenti sar&#224; pi&#249; incline a leggere una correzione come inversione strutturale. Un investitore che non ricorda come funzionano le relazioni tra variabili macro finir&#224; per attribuire significato a oscillazioni che ne hanno poco. La memoria, quindi, non &#232; solo un tema di apprendimento, ma una componente della stabilit&#224; emotiva e operativa.</p><p>Il mercato &#232; un ambiente che premia chi mantiene acceso il filo del discorso, non chi reagisce al rumore. E la capacit&#224; di mantenere il filo dipende molto pi&#249; dalla memoria di quanto si voglia ammettere. Una memoria ben allenata permette di riconoscere pattern ricorrenti, di rileggere gli eventi con un contesto pi&#249; ampio, di ricordare cosa abbia funzionato e cosa no in situazioni precedenti. Questo non significa individuare certezze, ma costruire un repertorio di precedenti che riduce l&#8217;ansia dell&#8217;imprevisto. In altre parole, la memoria riduce la necessit&#224; di reinventare il processo ogni volta.</p><p>In un contesto in cui la velocit&#224; dell&#8217;informazione &#232; aumentata, la memoria ha assunto un ruolo ancora pi&#249; centrale. Non c&#8217;&#232; tempo per verificare tutto, per elaborare da zero ogni nuovo dato: &#232; cos&#236; che ragionano gli algoritmi di trading ad alta velocit&#224;. Una buona memoria finanziaria funziona come un&#8217;infrastruttura nascosta che permette di orientarsi anche quando il flusso di notizie &#232; troppo rapido per essere gestito consapevolmente. &#200; il motivo per cui chi possiede modelli mentali solidi sembra meno reattivo e pi&#249; stabile: non perch&#233; ignora l&#8217;informazione, ma perch&#233; la filtra con una rete pi&#249; densa.</p><p>Per questo motivo, parlare di memoria nella finanza non &#232; un discorso accademico, bens&#236; pi&#249; un discorso operativo. La memoria influenza il modo in cui leggiamo i mercati e in cui ci comportiamo di fronte a essi. Influenza la capacit&#224; di restare fedeli a una strategia quando i prezzi vanno nella direzione opposta; la velocit&#224; con cui ci si lascia suggestionare dalle opinioni altrui e il modo in cui si reagisce al rumore. E&#8217; interessante osservare come molte scelte sbagliate non derivino da mancanza di informazione, ma dal fatto che l&#8217;informazione non ha avuto il tempo di diventare conoscenza.</p><p>Il punto non &#232; avere una memoria pi&#249; ampia, ma una memoria pi&#249; strutturata. La differenza non sta nella quantit&#224; di ci&#242; che ricordiamo, ma nella qualit&#224; delle connessioni che riusciamo a creare. In un mercato dove tutto cambia rapidamente, la continuit&#224; interna dell&#8217;investitore diventa un elemento strategico tanto quanto l&#8217;asset allocation o la scelta degli strumenti. &#200; un modo per ridurre il peso dell&#8217;immediatezza e aumentare quello della coerenza.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Leverage Investing: Right or Wrong?]]></title><description><![CDATA[The thin line between markets and pursuit of ergodicity]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/leverage-investing-right-or-wrong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/leverage-investing-right-or-wrong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 06:30:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d336820e-f0da-4236-bff3-a4c4e3b500ca_5716x3811.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Archimedes &#8212; <em>&#171;Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world&#187;</em></p><p>Leverage is one of expressions that immediately enters the investor&#8217;s vocabulary as a sort of promise of power. It evokes the idea of a shortcut, acceleration, of timeless human desire to get more with less. After all, it is the same principle has guided all the great innovations in history, from Archimedes to Leonardo Da Vinci to the present: search for a way to multiply the force used, to achieve a greater result than the energy expended.</p><p>It is therefore no surprise that, in the collective imagination of the markets, <strong>leverage represents almost a superpower</strong>, a device capable of bending time, speeding up the accumulation of wealth, transforming a small performance into a large one and a large into an extraordinary one. Yet behind this promise, which has seduced generations of investors, lies an asymmetry that few truly understand.</p><p>Leverage not only amplifies gains, it amplifies time itself, compressing it when everything is going well and painfully expanding it when something goes wrong. It is as if every leveraged transaction forces the investor to live in a different dimension, more unstable, vulnerable and exposed to the sudden shocks characterize the reality of modern markets. Because that&#8217;s the point: world in which the leveraged trader imagines it&#8217;s operating is never the actual world in which it really operates. The straight and orderly line of expected returns gives way to a tortuous, interrupted, irregular and often unpredictable path. But is it all so right or wrong? Let&#8217;s dig in.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic" width="1456" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:636899,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810717?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1WyT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf0c6717-22b6-4a67-96bd-761ff36e699b_4325x2282.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>In the collective imagination, leverage represents a superpower</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Archimede &#8212; <em>&#171;Datemi un punto d&#8217;appoggio e con una leva sollever&#242; il mondo&#187;</em></p><p>La leva finanziaria &#232; una di quelle espressioni che entrano immediatamente nel vocabolario dell&#8217;investitore come una sorta di promessa di potere. Evoca l&#8217;idea di una scorciatoia, di un&#8217;accelerazione, di quel desiderio umano e intramontabile di ottenere di pi&#249; con meno. In fondo &#232; lo stesso principio che ha guidato tutte le grandi innovazioni della storia a partire da Archimede, passando per Leonardo Da Vinci fino ai nostri giorni: la ricerca di un modo per moltiplicare la forza utilizzata, per ottenere un risultato maggiore rispetto all&#8217;energia impiegata.</p><p>Non c&#8217;&#232; quindi da stupirsi se, nell&#8217;immaginario collettivo dei mercati, <strong>la leva rappresenta quasi un super-potere</strong>, un dispositivo capace di piegare il tempo, di rendere pi&#249; rapida la costruzione della ricchezza, di trasformare una performance piccola in una grande e una grande in una straordinaria. Eppure, dietro questa promessa che seduce generazioni di investitori, si cela un&#8217;asimmetria che pochi comprendono davvero.</p><p>La leva non amplifica solo i guadagni, ma amplifica il tempo stesso, comprimendolo quando tutto va bene e dilatandolo in modo doloroso quando qualcosa va male. &#200; come se ogni operazione con leva costringesse l&#8217;investitore a vivere in una dimensione diversa, pi&#249; instabile, pi&#249; vulnerabile, pi&#249; esposta agli shock improvvisi che caratterizzano la realt&#224; dei mercati moderni. Perch&#233; &#232; proprio questo il punto: il mondo in cui il trader con leva immagina di muoversi non &#232; mai il mondo effettivo in cui si muove davvero. La linea diritta e ordinata dei rendimenti sperati lascia spazio a un percorso tortuoso, interrotto, irregolare, spesso imprevedibile. Ma &#232; tutto cos&#236; giusto o cos&#236; sbagliato? Approfondiamo.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Leverage, a risk control tool</h4><p>The biggest mistake in assessing leverage comes from a linear interpretation of risk and return. Many people think, &#171;If I earn 10% without leverage, I will earn 20% with 2x leverage&#187;, forgetting markets don&#8217;t think in linear terms. They don&#8217;t advance uniformly, don&#8217;t recover losses symmetrically and don&#8217;t accelerate or decelerate proportionally. Leverage multiplies everything and in times of turmoil, it multiplies fragility first and foremost. Mathematics of drawdowns is unforgiving: a fairly rapid adverse movement is enough to wipe out months of profits and a single extreme event is enough to wipe out years of growth. Not to mention the psychological implications for investors.</p><p>This is where one of the most revolutionary concepts in contemporary finance comes into play: ergodicity. This term originates from statistical physics but, when applied to investments, radically changes perspective from which we judge risk and return. Essentially, <strong>ergodicity tells us what works on average across a set of possible scenarios doesn&#8217;t necessarily coincide with what works over time for a single individual.</strong> It is a difference that seems subtle, almost academic, but in reality separates survival from ruin.</p><p>The simplest example is that of products with daily leverage. If index rises by 1% and product has 2x leverage, the gain is 2%. But if index falls by 1% the next day, calculation is not symmetrically reversed, because the return is applied on an already altered basis. Thus, as days go by, actual trajectory progressively deviates from the imagined one and almost always in an unfavorable way. This is precisely the crux of matter: a process seems advantageous in theoretical terms can prove destructive when experienced over time. Investors experience a single sequence of events, not average of infinite simulations. And sequence has mathematical properties are very different from those found in the commercial brochures of leveraged products.</p><p>In recent years, products have emerged seek to restore leverage to a dignity different from the speculative nature has characterized it for decades. No longer instruments designed to multiply the adrenaline rush of trading, but vehicles built with an almost noble purpose: to allow investors convenient, regulated, and above all controlled access to exposures were once only possible through complex derivatives. Some modern ETFs and funds use leverage not to force performance, but to refine structure of the portfolio, correct inefficiencies and replicate institutional strategies suited to the long term rather than gambling. One example above all is the evolution of 60-40 portfolio into a 90-60 portfolio with hidden leverage, but not too much.</p><p>It is a silent but very significant paradigm shift. Because it means that leverage, when embedded in a rigorous architecture, can become a means of implementing sophisticated portfolio construction ideas, including additional financial products in asset allocation, without exposing the investor to the extreme risks typical of do-it-yourself trading. Some controlled leverage products replicate, for example, risk parity or dynamic volatility management strategies. Others use leverage to build balanced exposures between assets are traditionally difficult to combine, such as long-duration bonds and global equities, in order to achieve more stable risk profiles than a traditional portfolio. Still others use leverage to offset some of the directional risk, creating market-neutral or equity-hedged vehicles that, while technically leveraged, experience lower volatility than pure equities.</p><p>The real difference compared to the past lies in the purpose. These products were not created to beat the market tomorrow morning, but to improve the yield structure over time. They are instruments in which leverage is an ingredient, not the main course. Their existence proves <strong>the problem is not leverage itself, but how it is used and above all, awareness of mathematical context in which it is applied. </strong>Leverage applied to an already fragile strategy becomes a detonator, while leverage applied to a strategy designed to manage fragility can become an efficiency multiplier.</p><p>And this is where the discussion naturally returns to ergodicity. In a non-ergodic world, where the path matters more than theoretical average, these ETFs and funds represent an attempt to reconcile the power of leverage with prudent risk management. They don&#8217;t seek to accelerate the investor toward an unattainable peak, but rather to accompany them along a smoother, more stable trajectory that is more resistant to shocks. When used in this way, leverage becomes almost an engineering tool: a way to redistribute weight, control swings and improve the continuity of returns.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic" width="1456" height="970" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:970,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1054323,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810717?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!w4cg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2c750940-9203-4250-abc3-09ffc055d9ac_2000x1333.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Using leverage wisely can be a useful tool in modern efficient markets</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>La leva finanziaria, uno strumento di controllo del rischio</h4><p>L&#8217;errore pi&#249; grande nel valutare la leva nasce da una lettura lineare del rischio e del rendimento. Molti pensano: &#171;Se guadagno il 10% senza leva, guadagner&#242; il 20% con la leva 2x&#187;, dimenticando per&#242; che i mercati non ragionano in termini lineari. Essi non avanzano uniformemente, non recuperano in modo simmetrico le perdite e non accelerano n&#233; frenano in modo proporzionale. La leva moltiplica tutto, e nelle fasi di disordine moltiplica prima di tutto la fragilit&#224;. La matematica dei drawdown &#232; impietosa: basta un movimento avverso abbastanza rapido per annullare mesi di profitti, e basta un singolo evento estremo per cancellare anni di crescita. Per non parlare delle implicazioni psicologiche degli investitori.</p><p>&#200; proprio a questo punto che entra in scena uno dei concetti pi&#249; rivoluzionari della finanza contemporanea: l&#8217;ergodicit&#224;. Un termine che nasce dalla fisica statistica ma che, applicato agli investimenti, cambia radicalmente la prospettiva con cui giudichiamo rischio e rendimento. In sostanza, <strong>l&#8217;ergodicit&#224; ci dice che ci&#242; che funziona in media su un insieme di possibili scenari non coincide necessariamente con ci&#242; che funziona nel tempo per un singolo individuo.</strong> &#200; una differenza che sembra sottile, quasi accademica, ma che in realt&#224; divide la sopravvivenza dalla rovina.</p><p>L&#8217;esempio pi&#249; semplice &#232; quello dei prodotti con leva giornaliera. Se l&#8217;indice sale dell&#8217;1% e il prodotto &#232; a leva 2x, il guadagno &#232; del 2%. Ma se il giorno dopo l&#8217;indice scende dell&#8217;1%, il calcolo non si inverte simmetricamente, perch&#233; il rendimento si applica su una base gi&#224; alterata. Cos&#236;, col passare dei giorni, la traiettoria reale si discosta progressivamente da quella immaginata e lo fa quasi sempre in modo sfavorevole. &#200; esattamente il cuore della questione: un processo che sembra vantaggioso nella media teorica, una volta vissuto nel tempo, pu&#242; rivelarsi distruttivo. L&#8217;investitore vive una sola sequenza di eventi, non la media di infinite simulazioni. E quella sequenza ha propriet&#224; matematiche molto diverse da quelle che popolano le brochure commerciali dei prodotti a leva.</p><p>Negli ultimi anni sono nati prodotti che cercano di restituire alla leva una dignit&#224; diversa da quella speculativa che l&#8217;ha caratterizzata per decenni. Non pi&#249; strumenti pensati per moltiplicare l&#8217;adrenalina del trading, ma veicoli costruiti con una finalit&#224; quasi nobile: permettere agli investitori di accedere in modo comodo, regolamentato e soprattutto controllato a esposizioni che un tempo erano possibili soltanto attraverso derivati complessi. Alcuni ETF e fondi moderni utilizzano la leva non per forzare la performance, ma per rifinire la struttura del portafoglio, correggere inefficienze, replicare strategie istituzionali adatte alla lunga durata e non alla scommessa. Un esempio su tutti, l&#8217;evoluzione del portafoglio 60-40 in un 90-60 con effetto leva nascosto, ma neanche troppo.</p><p>&#200; un cambio di paradigma silenzioso, ma molto rilevante. Perch&#233; significa che la leva, se incastonata in un&#8217;architettura rigorosa, pu&#242; diventare un mezzo per implementare idee sofisticate di costruzione del portafoglio, includendo ulteriori prodotti finanziari nell&#8217;asset allocation, senza esporre l&#8217;investitore ai rischi estremi tipici dell&#8217;operativit&#224; fai-da-te. Alcuni prodotti a leva controllata replicano, ad esempio, strategie di <em>risk parity</em> o di gestione dinamica della volatilit&#224;. Altri impiegano la leva per costruire esposizioni bilanciate tra asset tradizionalmente difficili da combinare, come obbligazionario long duration e azionario globale, in modo da ottenere profili di rischio pi&#249; stabili rispetto a un portafoglio tradizionale. Altri ancora sfruttano la leva per annullare una parte del rischio direzionale, creando veicoli <em>market neutral</em> o <em>equity-hedged</em> che, pur essendo tecnicamente levereggiati, vivono in un perimetro di volatilit&#224; inferiore rispetto all&#8217;azionario puro.</p><p>La vera differenza rispetto al passato sta nella finalit&#224;. Questi prodotti non sono nati per battere il mercato domani mattina, ma per migliorare la struttura del rendimento nel tempo. Sono strumenti in cui la leva &#232; un ingrediente, non il piatto principale. La loro esistenza dimostra che <strong>il problema non &#232; la leva in s&#233;, ma l&#8217;uso che se ne fa e soprattutto la consapevolezza del contesto matematico in cui viene inserita.</strong> Una leva applicata a una strategia gi&#224; fragile diventa un detonatore, mentre una leva applicata a una strategia costruita per gestire la fragilit&#224; pu&#242; diventare un moltiplicatore di efficienza.</p><p>Ed &#232; qui che il discorso torna naturalmente all&#8217;ergodicit&#224;. In un mondo non ergodico, dove il percorso conta pi&#249; della media teorica, questi ETF e fondi rappresentano un tentativo di conciliare la potenza della leva con la prudenza della gestione del rischio. Non cercano di accelerare l&#8217;investitore verso un picco irraggiungibile, ma di accompagnarlo lungo una traiettoria pi&#249; dolce, pi&#249; stabile, pi&#249; resistente agli shock. La leva, quando viene utilizzata cos&#236; diventa quasi un&#8217;attrezzatura ingegneristica: un modo per ridistribuire i pesi, per controllare gli sbalzi e per migliorare la continuit&#224; del rendimento.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Leverage is not the destination but journey</h4><p>But let&#8217;s get to the conclusions by taking a last close look at two concepts of leverage and ergodicity, which in my opinion are inextricably linked. The path by which investors are attracted to the improper use of leverage instruments is very appealing in the short term, but at the same time, it is difficult but necessary to accept (thanks above all to the concept of ergodicity, ed.) <strong>it is not average profitability determines our final wealth, but the path taken to get there.</strong> There is a level of leverage, often much lower than one might think, beyond which a portfolio is mathematically destined to collapse sooner or later, simply because distribution of returns is not ergonomic, doesn&#8217;t evolve in a stable manner and allow the capital right time to offset losses.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1090410,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810717?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DWY_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b918f58-06a8-4da6-9f2a-3b88919e8e02_5118x2879.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Leverage should not be used to accelerate a dream of enrichment, but rather as a compass</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>This fragility emerges above all when investors delude themselves leverage is a neutral accelerator of expected returns. In reality, leverage amplifies uncertainty, a mechanism that works against time structure of compound returns. This doesn&#8217;t mean leverage is always a mistake, as we have seen above. It means that leverage is not a simple tool and cannot be treated as such. It is perfectly legitimate when used prudently, competently, with constant risk control, within a strategy takes into account potential drawdowns, the intrinsic volatility of the underlying asset and possibility rare but devastating scenarios may occur while the position is still open.</p><p>In many cases, leverage makes sense for non-speculative purposes. A professional manager may use it to hedge portfolio imperfections, replicate exposures are otherwise difficult to obtain or efficiently exploit short-term opportunities where volatility is low and risk is measurable. But even then, <strong>leverage is never (and should never be) used to accelerate dreams of getting rich.</strong> It is a scalpel, not a sword. It is a surgical tool to be handled in a sterile environment, not a weapon to be wielded in the midst of a storm.</p><p>For the private investor, however, the main problem is that leverage is often perceived as a simple solution in a place full of complexity: the desire for faster returns in a world that moves more slowly than we would like. It is in this psychological void that bad leverage finds fertile ground, promising what it cannot deliver without a hidden cost. And cost is almost always the risk of going down a non-ergodic path, where the average of positive results cannot compensate for the single devastating loss ends the game for good.</p><p>Ultimately, the initial question is not answered by statistics, but awareness. It is right to use leverage when it doesn&#8217;t affect portfolio&#8217;s ability to survive over time, threaten the continuity of returns and turn the investor into a gambler who defies mathematics in the hope of being the exception. It becomes wrong when it is confused with a shortcut, because in the real dynamics of the markets, shortcuts don&#8217;t shorten the path: they interrupt it. Leverage can be a useful tool, but only when it ceases to be a dream and returns to what it really is: a multiplier of responsibility.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:795217,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810717?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F40Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc90102f-6202-43f8-ab68-5f6443632770_7952x5304.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>It is not profitability determines our ultimate wealth, but the path we take to get there</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>La leva finanziaria non &#232; la meta ma il viaggio</h4><p>Ma veniamo alle conclusioni guardando per l&#8217;ultima volta da vicino, i due concetti di leva e quello di ergodicit&#224;, che a mio parere sono indissolubilmente collegati. Il percorso con cui l&#8217;investitore viene attratto dall&#8217;utilizzo improprio di strumenti a leva &#232; molto attraente nel breve periodo ma allo stesso tempo, &#232; difficile ma necessario da accettare (grazie soprattutto al concetto di ergodicit&#224;, ndr) che <strong>non &#232; la redditivit&#224; media che determina la nostra ricchezza finale, ma il percorso compiuto per arrivarci.</strong> Esiste un livello di leva, spesso molto pi&#249; basso di quanto si pensi, oltre il quale un portafoglio diventa matematicamente destinato prima o poi a un collasso, semplicemente perch&#233; la distribuzione dei rendimenti non &#232; ergonomica, non evolve in modo stabile e non garantisce al capitale il tempo sufficiente per compensare le perdite.</p><p>Questa fragilit&#224; emerge soprattutto quando l&#8217;investitore si illude che la leva sia un acceleratore neutrale del ritorno atteso. Nella realt&#224;, la leva &#232; un amplificatore dell&#8217;incertezza, un meccanismo che lavora contro la struttura temporale del rendimento composto. Ci&#242; non significa che la leva sia sempre un errore, come abbiamo visto sopra. Significa che la leva non &#232; uno strumento semplice e che non pu&#242; essere trattata come se lo fosse. &#200; perfettamente legittima quando viene utilizzata con prudenza, con competenza, con un controllo costante del rischio, all&#8217;interno di una strategia che tiene conto dei drawdown potenziali, della volatilit&#224; intrinseca dell&#8217;asset sottostante e della possibilit&#224; che scenari rari ma devastanti si manifestino proprio mentre la posizione &#232; ancora aperta.</p><p>In molti casi, la leva ha un senso non speculativo. Un gestore professionale pu&#242; usarla per coprire imperfezioni di portafoglio, per replicare esposizioni difficili da ottenere altrimenti o per sfruttare in modo efficiente opportunit&#224; a breve termine in cui la volatilit&#224; &#232; ridotta e il rischio &#232; misurabile. Ma anche in quel caso, <strong>la leva non viene (e non deve essere) mai usata per accelerare un sogno di arricchimento.</strong> &#200; un bisturi, non una spada. &#200; uno strumento chirurgico da maneggiare in un ambiente sterilizzato, non un&#8217;arma da brandire in mezzo alla tempesta.</p><p>Per l&#8217;investitore privato invece, il problema principale &#232; che la leva viene spesso percepita come una soluzione semplice in un luogo pieno di complessit&#224;: il desiderio di rendimenti pi&#249; rapidi in un mondo che si muove pi&#249; lentamente di quanto vorremmo. &#200; in questo vuoto psicologico che la leva cattiva trova terreno fertile, promettendo ci&#242; che non pu&#242; mantenere senza un costo nascosto. E quel costo &#232; quasi sempre il rischio di percorrere un sentiero non ergodico, in cui la media dei risultati positivi non pu&#242; compensare la singola perdita devastante che chiude definitivamente il gioco.</p><p>In definitiva, la domanda iniziale non trova risposta in una statistica, ma in una consapevolezza. &#200; giusto utilizzarla quando non altera la capacit&#224; del portafoglio di sopravvivere nel tempo, quando non minaccia la continuit&#224; del rendimento e quando non trasforma l&#8217;investitore in un giocatore che sfida la matematica sperando di essere l&#8217;eccezione. Essa diventa sbagliata quando viene confusa come una scorciatoia, perch&#233; nelle dinamiche reali dei mercati le scorciatoie non abbreviano i percorsi: li interrompono. La leva pu&#242; essere uno strumento utile, ma solo quando smette di essere un sogno e torna a essere ci&#242; che &#232; davvero: un moltiplicatore di responsabilit&#224;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Global Liquidity Cycle]]></title><description><![CDATA[An important chart will continue to be relevant in the next future?]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-global-liquidity-cycle</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/the-global-liquidity-cycle</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2025 06:31:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/03d175fe-f82a-40af-ac9f-7149504af5b0_5472x3648.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is an invisible thread linking the ups and downs of the financial markets, a hidden engine operating beneath the numbers, quarterly reports and financial statements, which explains the alternation between euphoria and panic more than any other economic variable. That&#8217;s global liquidity. It is the blood that flows through the veins of the financial system, the substance determines how quickly capital energy circulates. When liquidity is abundant, money flows freely, assets inflate and confidence spreads. When it withdraws, everything slows down, credit contracts, volatility explodes and the same markets that once seemed invincible become fragile.</p><p>In recent years, a chart has gone viral on financial social media and independent analysis platforms: the <strong>&#171;Global Liquidity Cycle&#187;</strong>, also reported by <em><a href="https://capitalwars.substack.com/p/the-global-liquidity-cycle">Capital Wars</a></em> blog, which attempts to describe how global liquidity moves in recognizable and predictable cycles. The chart shows an oscillating, almost sinusoidal trend summarizes the alternation of expansion and contraction of liquidity in the global system, with an average lag of a few months behind stock market movements. At first glance, this pattern seems almost too elegant to be true. Yet, if we look at the data from the last twenty years, correlation appears surprisingly robust.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic" width="932" height="492" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:492,&quot;width&quot;:932,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:84679,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176213649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zzeh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F137db8da-1c48-4670-ba47-60ef4e42046e_932x492.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Global Liquidity Cycle according to CrossBorder Capital</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>C&#8217;&#232; un filo invisibile che unisce i rialzi e i ribassi dei mercati finanziari, un motore nascosto che agisce al di sotto dei numeri, delle trimestrali, dei rendiconti, e che spiega pi&#249; di qualsiasi altra variabile economica l&#8217;alternarsi di euforia e panico. Quel filo &#232; la liquidit&#224; globale. &#200; il sangue che scorre nelle vene del sistema finanziario, la sostanza che determina quanto velocemente circola l&#8217;energia del capitale. Quando la liquidit&#224; &#232; abbondante, il denaro scorre liberamente, gli asset si gonfiano e la fiducia dilaga. Quando invece si ritira, tutto rallenta, il credito si contrae, la volatilit&#224; esplode, e gli stessi mercati che prima sembravano invincibili diventano fragili.</p><p>Negli ultimi anni, sui social finanziari e sulle piattaforme di analisi indipendenti, si &#232; diffuso un grafico divenuto virale: quello del <strong>&#171;Global Liquidity Cycle&#187;</strong>, riportato anche dal blog <em><a href="https://capitalwars.substack.com/p/the-global-liquidity-cycle">Capital Wars</a></em>, che tenta di descrivere come la liquidit&#224; mondiale si muova in cicli riconoscibili e prevedibili. Il grafico mostra un andamento oscillante, quasi sinusoidale, che sintetizza l&#8217;alternanza di espansione e contrazione della liquidit&#224; nel sistema globale, con un ritardo medio di alcuni mesi rispetto ai movimenti dei mercati azionari. &#200; uno schema che, a prima vista, sembra quasi troppo elegante per essere vero. Eppure, se osserviamo i dati degli ultimi vent&#8217;anni, la correlazione appare sorprendentemente robusta.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The lifeblood of the system</h4><p>To fully understand this concept, we must realize what we mean by liquidity. It is not just the amount of money printed by central banks, but a combination of factors include access to credit, the availability of leverage, the ease with which investors can trade assets without affecting their price and even systemic confidence in the stability of the system. In other words, <strong>liquidity is the collective availability of capital and speed at which it moves.</strong></p><p>When central banks expand their balance sheets (as they did between 2009 and 2021, ed.), they inject a huge amount of bank reserves into the system. But that is only the first spark. The real expansion comes when those reserves are multiplied by markets, funds, leveraged investors and carry traders. That is where liquidity becomes global: it crosses borders, currencies and jurisdictions, fueling flows that end up as much on the S&amp;P500 as on Bitcoin, as much on high-yield bonds as on Chinese technology stocks.</p><p>Each cycle begins with a phase of credit and balance sheet expansion. The United States has been at the center of this for the past fifteen years, but dynamic is synchronized with that of other monetary areas: when the Federal Reserve, the ECB and the Bank of Japan move in the same direction, global liquidity rises or falls in unison. This is why the concept of the Global Liquidity Cycle makes sense: modern financial markets are no longer siloed. They are a single ecosystem, interconnected by derivatives, clearing systems and cross-border flows that make the ocean of liquidity indivisible.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic" width="1050" height="553" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xCWy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc505a0c8-2140-4717-a028-7bb87406f6ce_1050x553.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Markets spend much more time creating wealth than destroying it | Charlie Bilello</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>La linfa vitale del sistema</h4><p>Per comprendere a fondo questo concetto, occorre prima capire cosa intendiamo per liquidit&#224;. Essa non &#232; soltanto la quantit&#224; di moneta stampata dalle banche centrali, ma un insieme di fattori che includono l&#8217;accesso al credito, la disponibilit&#224; di leva finanziaria, la facilit&#224; con cui gli investitori possono scambiare attivit&#224; senza influenzarne il prezzo e persino la fiducia sistemica nella stabilit&#224; del sistema. In altre parole, <strong>la liquidit&#224; &#232; la disponibilit&#224; collettiva di capitale e la velocit&#224; con cui esso si muove.</strong></p><p>Quando le banche centrali espandono i propri bilanci (come avvenuto tra il 2009 e il 2021, ndr) iniettano nel sistema una quantit&#224; enorme di riserve bancarie. Ma quella &#232; solo la prima scintilla. La vera espansione nasce quando quelle riserve vengono moltiplicate dai mercati, dai fondi, dai leveraged investors, dai carry traders. &#200; l&#236; che la liquidit&#224; diventa globale: attraversa confini, valute e giurisdizioni, alimentando flussi che finiscono tanto sull&#8217;S&amp;P500 quanto sul Bitcoin, tanto sulle obbligazioni high yield quanto sui titoli tecnologici cinesi.</p><p>Ogni ciclo nasce da una fase di espansione del credito e dei bilanci. Gli Stati Uniti ne sono stati il centro negli ultimi quindici anni, ma la dinamica &#232; sincronizzata con quella di altre aree monetarie: quando la Federal Reserve, la BCE e la Bank of Japan si muovono nella stessa direzione, la liquidit&#224; globale sale o scende all&#8217;unisono. &#200; per questo che il concetto di <em>Global Liquidity Cycle</em> ha senso: i mercati finanziari moderni non sono pi&#249; compartimenti stagni. Sono un unico ecosistema, interconnesso da strumenti derivati, clearing system e flussi cross-border che rendono l&#8217;oceano della liquidit&#224; indivisibile.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The cycle map: how it expands and contracts</h4><p>The liquidity cycle behaves almost organically. It expands during phases when monetary policies are accommodative, interest rates are low and credit conditions are easy. Money is cheap, margins required by banks and brokers are reduced, investors accept higher risks and asset prices begin to rise. It is the phase in which everything works, stock markets reach new highs, IPOs multiply, and venture capital flows abundantly.</p><p><strong>But every expansion sets the stage for the next contraction.</strong> When growth overheats and inflation resurfaces, central banks begin to slow down. Rates rise, balance sheets are reduced and leverage becomes more expensive. At first, the market ignores the signals, but then the breaking point arrives: a sudden event, a liquidity crisis, a series of margin calls. That is when confidence reverses and cycle enters its downward phase. Prices fall, leverage is reduced and flows retreat. It is the same dynamic we saw in 2008, 2018 and 2022.</p><p>Historical data show each global liquidity cycle lasts between five and seven years on average. It is interesting to note that the peaks of expansion have almost always coincided with periods of market euphoria: the post-QE boom of 2010-2014, the long rally of 2016-2021, and tech and crypto euphoria of 2020-2021. Similarly, the most violent contractions in liquidity have preceded or accompanied the most severe moments of stress: the European debt crisis, the 2018 squeeze, and the 2022 correction.</p><blockquote><p><strong>KEY POINT &#8212;</strong> One of the most fascinating, and least intuitive, aspects of the liquidity cycle is its paradoxical nature. In theory, greater liquidity means more stable markets. In practice, excessive liquidity generates behaviors that make the system more fragile. <strong>When money is abundant and perceived risk is low, investors push further along the risk curve, take more speculative positions, reduce the quality of collateral and multiply leverage.</strong> This is the phase of euphoria hidden beneath the appearance of stability.</p></blockquote><p>When liquidity withdraws, the castle built on leverage cracks. A few days of stress are enough to trigger forced sales and chain reactions. The liquidity spiral <a href="https://markus.scholar.princeton.edu/publications/market-liquidity-and-funding-liquidity">described by </a><em><a href="https://markus.scholar.princeton.edu/publications/market-liquidity-and-funding-liquidity">Brunnermeier and Pedersen</a></em> manifests itself as follows: a fall in prices reduces market liquidity, intermediaries demand higher margins, investors sell to cover themselves, prices fall further, and liquidity disappears altogether. It is a self-reinforcing dynamic that transforms a normal contraction phase into a systemic collapse.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic" width="1244" height="928" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:928,&quot;width&quot;:1244,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:89552,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176213649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rrnh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bb227e8-950e-4ff3-88f6-a46623094459_1244x928.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Each expansion creates the conditions for the next contraction | FT &amp; CBC</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>La mappa del ciclo: come si espande e come si ritira</h4><p>Il ciclo della liquidit&#224; ha un comportamento quasi organico. Si espande durante le fasi in cui le politiche monetarie sono accomodanti, i tassi bassi, le condizioni di credito facili. Il denaro costa poco, i margini richiesti dalle banche e dai broker si riducono, gli investitori accettano rischi pi&#249; elevati e i prezzi degli asset iniziano a salire. &#200; la fase in cui tutto funziona, le borse fanno nuovi massimi, le IPO si moltiplicano, il capitale di rischio scorre abbondante.</p><p><strong>Ma ogni espansione genera le premesse della contrazione successiva.</strong> Quando la crescita si surriscalda e l&#8217;inflazione riaffiora, le banche centrali iniziano a frenare. I tassi salgono, i bilanci vengono ridotti e la leva diventa pi&#249; costosa. All&#8217;inizio il mercato ignora i segnali, poi arriva il punto di rottura: un evento improvviso, una crisi di liquidit&#224;, una sequenza di margin call. &#200; in quel momento che la fiducia si inverte e il ciclo entra nella sua fase discendente. I prezzi calano, la leva viene ridotta, i flussi si ritirano. &#200; la stessa dinamica che abbiamo visto nel 2008, nel 2018 e nel 2022.</p><p>I dati storici mostrano che ogni ciclo di liquidit&#224; globale dura in media tra i cinque e i sette anni. &#200; interessante notare come i picchi di espansione siano quasi sempre coincisi con le grandi fasi di euforia dei mercati: il boom post-QE del 2010-2014, la lunga corsa del 2016-2021, l&#8217;euforia tech e crypto del 2020-2021. Allo stesso modo, le contrazioni pi&#249; violente della liquidit&#224; hanno anticipato o accompagnato i momenti di stress pi&#249; forti: la crisi del debito europeo, la stretta del 2018, la correzione del 2022.</p><blockquote><p><strong>PUNTO CHIAVE</strong> &#8212; Uno degli aspetti pi&#249; affascinanti, e meno intuitivi, del ciclo della liquidit&#224; &#232; la sua natura paradossale. In teoria, maggiore liquidit&#224; significa mercati pi&#249; stabili. In pratica, una liquidit&#224; eccessiva genera comportamenti che rendono il sistema pi&#249; fragile. <strong>Quando il denaro &#232; abbondante e il rischio percepito &#232; basso, gli investitori si spingono pi&#249; avanti nella curva del rischio, assumono posizioni pi&#249; speculative, riducono la qualit&#224; delle garanzie e moltiplicano la leva.</strong> &#200; la fase dell&#8217;euforia nascosta sotto l&#8217;apparenza di stabilit&#224;.</p></blockquote><p>Quando la liquidit&#224; si ritira, il castello costruito sulla leva si incrina. Bastano pochi giorni di stress per innescare vendite forzate e reazioni a catena. La spirale della liquidit&#224;, <a href="https://markus.scholar.princeton.edu/publications/market-liquidity-and-funding-liquidity">descritta da </a><em><a href="https://markus.scholar.princeton.edu/publications/market-liquidity-and-funding-liquidity">Brunnermeier e Pedersen</a></em>, si manifesta cos&#236;: un calo dei prezzi riduce la liquidit&#224; di mercato, gli intermediari chiedono pi&#249; margini, gli investitori vendono per coprirsi, i prezzi scendono ancora, e la liquidit&#224; sparisce del tutto. &#200; una dinamica auto-rinforzante, che trasforma una normale fase di contrazione in un collasso sistemico.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Implications for advice and asset allocation</h4><p>For a financial advisor, understanding the liquidity cycle is not an academic curiosity but a strategic element. It means understanding where we are in the cycle and what implications this may have for portfolio construction. In expansion phases, returns tend to be driven by rising valuations and momentum. In contraction phases, on the other hand, leverage compression and value rediscovery dominate.</p><p>It is not a question of market timing, but of reading the context. A portfolio that ignores phase of the cycle risks being overly exposed to risk just when liquidity begins to retreat. Similarly, excessive caution in expansion phases can lead to the loss of valuable opportunities. The secret is awareness: knowing how to adapt positioning according to the direction of global flows. In this regard, Warren Buffett&#8217;s old saying comes to our aid: <strong>&#171;you never know who&#8217;s swimming naked until the tide goes out&#187;</strong>. This saying emphasizes the true condition of a person or a company is not revealed during times of prosperity, but only when economic conditions deteriorate.</p><p>For example, a period of sharp contraction in the Fed&#8217;s balance sheet (quantitative tightening) combined with a rise in real interest rates is a clear sign liquidity is tightening. In this context, favoring quality assets, shorter durations and defensive sectors can reduce exposure to the negative phase of the cycle. Conversely, when monetary policy becomes accommodative again and global flows reverse, the moment of greatest fear is often the moment of greatest potential for those with available liquidity and a long-term horizon.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic" width="1227" height="733" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7lTg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84a60495-eec1-4368-9db3-e954c3610a53_1227x733.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The 4 steps of the economic cycle | X</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Implicazioni per la consulenza e l&#8217;asset allocation</h4><p>Per un consulente finanziario, comprendere il ciclo della liquidit&#224; non &#232; una curiosit&#224; accademica ma un elemento strategico. Significa capire in che punto del ciclo ci troviamo e quali implicazioni pu&#242; avere per la costruzione del portafoglio. Nelle fasi di espansione, i rendimenti tendono a essere trainati dall&#8217;aumento delle valutazioni e dal momentum. Nelle fasi di contrazione, invece, domina la compressione della leva e la riscoperta del valore.</p><p>Non si tratta di fare market timing, ma di leggere il contesto. Un portafoglio che ignora la fase del ciclo rischia di trovarsi troppo esposto al rischio proprio quando la liquidit&#224; inizia a ritirarsi. Allo stesso modo, un eccesso di prudenza nelle fasi di espansione pu&#242; far perdere opportunit&#224; preziose. Il segreto &#232; la consapevolezza: saper adattare il posizionamento in funzione della direzione dei flussi globali. A tal proposito ci viene in soccorso il vecchio detto di Warren Buffett: <strong>&#171;non sai mai chi sta nuotando nudo finch&#233; la marea non si abbassa&#187;</strong>. Questo detto sottolinea come la vera condizione di una persona o di un&#8217;azienda non si riveli durante i momenti di prosperit&#224;, ma solo quando le condizioni economiche peggiorano.</p><p>Per esempio, un periodo di forte contrazione del bilancio della Fed (quantitative tightening) combinato a un rialzo dei tassi reali &#232; un chiaro segnale che la liquidit&#224; si sta comprimendo. In questo contesto, privilegiare asset di qualit&#224;, duration pi&#249; breve e settori difensivi pu&#242; ridurre l&#8217;esposizione alla fase negativa del ciclo. Al contrario, quando la politica monetaria torna accomodante e i flussi globali si invertono, il momento di massima paura &#232; spesso quello di massimo potenziale per chi ha liquidit&#224; disponibile e orizzonte lungo.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The future of the global liquidity cycle</h4><p>The history of financial markets shows that liquidity doesn&#8217;t expand indefinitely. Every major growth phase is followed by a period of drainage and vice versa. The global liquidity cycle is nothing more than the pulse of international economic system: a heart expands when central banks expand their balance sheets and contracts when they withdraw stimulus. Today, we are in a phase where the pulse is still strong, but increasingly close to a turning point.</p><p>From 2020 to 2022, the coordinated monetary and fiscal response to Covid flooded the world with liquidity. The balance sheets of the major central banks (Federal Reserve, ECB, Bank of Japan, and People&#8217;s Bank of China, ed.) reached record levels, exceeding a total of $30 trillion. A few years later, much of that liquidity remains in the system, and the markets have benefited massively: global equities have gained over 100% from their pandemic lows, bonds have found a new equilibrium after 2022, and even alternative asset classes (gold, bitcoin, private markets) have ballooned thanks to the hunger for yield.</p><p>However, signs of a gradual reversal are beginning to emerge. The reduction in central bank balance sheets (so-called &#171;quantitative tightening&#187;), the return to positive real rates in the US and Europe, and slow but steady normalization of monetary policy in Asia are already taking the wind out of the global financial system&#8217;s sails. If we look at the past, every time global liquidity has stopped growing, the effect has not been immediate but delayed by about 12-18 months. This is why many analysts, and quite a few institutional investors, believe <strong>between 2026 and 2027 we could see a real reversal of the global liquidity cycle.</strong></p><p>This hypothesis is supported by 3 main factors:</p><ul><li><p><strong>The first concerns public debt:</strong> post-pandemic expansionary phase has brought sovereign debt to levels no longer allow for prolonged monetary stimulus without serious inflationary consequences;</p></li><li><p><strong>The second is geopolitical realignment:</strong> fragmentation of economic blocs, with the United States and China engaged in a capital war rather than a trade war, risks reducing the international circulation of credit and investment flows;</p></li><li><p><strong>The third is the maturing of economic cycle:</strong> global growth is showing signs of structural slowdown, and historically, periods of low growth coincide with a contraction in available liquidity.</p></li></ul><p>A reversal between 2026 and 2027 would not necessarily mean a market crash, but it could lead to a long period of lower real returns and greater selectivity among assets. In practice, the &#171;tide that lifts all boats&#187; could begin to recede. In such a scenario, global equities could enter a prolonged sideways phase, bond yields would tend to stabilize at higher levels than in the past decade and investors would need to refocus on quality rather than quantity of risk.</p><p>It is interesting to note that, even in the language of those who analyze these phenomena, liquidity cycle is taking on increasingly <em>Orwellian</em> traits. Just as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four">in the novel </a><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four">1984</a></em>, where control of information defines perceived reality, so the management of global liquidity by central banks shapes the very perception of risk and value. When liquidity is abundant, every investment seems justified; when it withdraws, the distortions accumulated over time emerge.</p><p>The next two years will therefore be crucial in understanding whether the international financial system can sustain a new expansionary cycle or whether, instead, we will enter a phase of synchronized contraction. If history and empirical models of the liquidity cycle still have predictive value, then two-year period 2026-2027 could represent the peak and subsequent reversal of the global cycle. As always, this transition will be perceived with a delay by the markets, but it will have profound consequences on the direction of all asset classes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic" width="1456" height="817" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:817,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:335184,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176213649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VLyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb7d8e7d9-50c3-4bb4-bea5-a9d961b021db_2850x1600.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The debasement trade is in overdrive, a clear sign of growing mistrust in the monetary system | Bloomberg</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il futuro del ciclo globale della liquidit&#224;</h4><p>La storia dei mercati finanziari mostra che la liquidit&#224; non si espande all&#8217;infinito. Ogni grande fase di crescita &#232; seguita da un periodo di drenaggio, e viceversa. Il ciclo della liquidit&#224;, a livello globale, non &#232; altro che la pulsazione del sistema economico internazionale: un cuore che si dilata quando le banche centrali espandono i bilanci e si contrae quando ritirano gli stimoli. Oggi ci troviamo in una fase in cui la pulsazione &#232; ancora ampia, ma sempre pi&#249; vicina a un punto di svolta.</p><p>Dal 2020 al 2022, la risposta monetaria e fiscale coordinata al Covid ha inondato il mondo di liquidit&#224;. I bilanci delle principali banche centrali (Federal Reserve, BCE, Bank of Japan e People&#8217;s Bank of China, ndr) hanno raggiunto livelli record, superando complessivamente i 30.000 miliardi di dollari. A distanza di pochi anni, gran parte di quella liquidit&#224; rimane ancora nel sistema, e i mercati ne hanno beneficiato in modo massiccio: l&#8217;azionario globale ha guadagnato oltre il 100% dai minimi pandemici, le obbligazioni hanno trovato un nuovo equilibrio dopo il 2022, e persino le asset class alternative (oro, bitcoin, private markets) si sono gonfiate grazie alla fame di rendimento.</p><p>Tuttavia, i segnali di una progressiva inversione cominciano a emergere. La riduzione dei bilanci delle banche centrali (il cosiddetto &#171;quantitative tightening&#187;), il ritorno a tassi reali positivi negli Stati Uniti e in Europa, e la lenta ma costante normalizzazione della politica monetaria in Asia stanno gi&#224; sottraendo ossigeno al sistema finanziario globale. Se guardiamo al passato, ogni volta che la liquidit&#224; globale ha smesso di crescere, l&#8217;effetto non &#232; stato immediato ma ritardato di circa 12-18 mesi. &#200; per questo che molti analisti, e non pochi investitori istituzionali, ritengono che <strong>tra il 2026 e il 2027 potremmo assistere a una vera e propria inversione del ciclo globale della liquidit&#224;</strong>.</p><p>L&#8217;ipotesi &#232; corroborata da tre fattori principali:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Il primo riguarda l&#8217;indebitamento pubblico:</strong> la fase espansiva post-pandemica ha portato i debiti sovrani su livelli che non consentono pi&#249; un prolungato stimolo monetario senza gravi conseguenze inflazionistiche;</p></li><li><p><strong>Il secondo &#232; il riassestamento geopolitico:</strong> la frammentazione dei blocchi economici, con Stati Uniti e Cina impegnati in una guerra di capitali pi&#249; che commerciale, rischia di ridurre la circolazione internazionale dei flussi di credito e investimento;</p></li><li><p><strong>Il terzo &#232; la maturazione del ciclo economico:</strong> la crescita globale mostra segnali di rallentamento strutturale, e storicamente le fasi di bassa crescita coincidono con una contrazione della liquidit&#224; disponibile.</p></li></ul><p>Un&#8217;inversione tra il 2026 e il 2027 non significherebbe necessariamente un crollo dei mercati, ma potrebbe determinare un lungo periodo di rendimenti reali inferiori e maggiore selettivit&#224; tra asset. In pratica, la &#171;marea che solleva tutte le barche&#187; potrebbe iniziare a ritirarsi. In tale scenario, l&#8217;azionario globale potrebbe entrare in una fase laterale prolungata, i rendimenti obbligazionari tenderebbero a stabilizzarsi su livelli pi&#249; alti del decennio passato, e gli investitori dovrebbero tornare a concentrarsi pi&#249; sulla qualit&#224; che sulla quantit&#224; del rischio.</p><p>&#200; interessante notare come, anche nel linguaggio di chi analizza questi fenomeni, il ciclo della liquidit&#224; stia assumendo tratti sempre pi&#249; <em>orwelliani.</em> Proprio come <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_(romanzo)">nel romanzo </a><em><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_(romanzo)">1984</a></em>, dove il controllo delle informazioni definisce la realt&#224; percepita, cos&#236; la gestione della liquidit&#224; globale da parte delle banche centrali modella la percezione stessa del rischio e del valore. Quando la liquidit&#224; abbonda, ogni investimento sembra giustificato; quando si ritira, emergono le distorsioni accumulate nel tempo.</p><p>Il prossimo biennio sar&#224; quindi cruciale per capire se il sistema finanziario internazionale potr&#224; sostenere un nuovo ciclo espansivo o se, invece, entreremo in una fase di contrazione sincronizzata. Se la storia e i modelli empirici del ciclo della liquidit&#224; hanno ancora un valore predittivo, allora il biennio 2026-2027 potrebbe rappresentare il punto di massimo e successiva inversione del ciclo globale. Un passaggio che, come sempre, sar&#224; percepito con ritardo dai mercati, ma che avr&#224; conseguenze profonde sulla direzione di tutte le asset class.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[7 Explanatory Gold Charts]]></title><description><![CDATA[A speed tells us much more than just a rally, but rather deep transformation of the role of gold in the global financial system]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/7-explanatory-gold-charts</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/7-explanatory-gold-charts</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2025 06:30:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/33d284cf-373a-4c08-8d5d-13c9628fc8ee_4567x2570.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After taking 12 years to double from $1,000 to $2,000, gold doubled again in just five years, recently surpassing $4,000. Transition from $3,000 to $4,000 took just 200 days, and the jump to $4,400 took only 60. Now back to $4,000. What&#8217;s next?</p><p>It is no longer just a safe-haven asset, but a geopolitical variable, a sign of the times and a compass for navigating the monetary chaos we are experiencing. The 7 charts below should not be read as isolated images, but as chapters in the same story: <strong>return of gold to the center of the system.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic" width="1206" height="910" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1206,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:74776,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wQO2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08de3c5d-91b4-4b81-b755-8fe81e6e6249_1206x910.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>This has never been more true than today | Oliver Grob</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Dopo aver impiegato dodici anni per raddoppiare da 1.000 a 2.000 dollari, l&#8217;oro ha raddoppiato nuovamente in soli cinque anni, superando recentemente i 4.000 dollari. Il passaggio da 3.000 a 4.000 dollari ha richiesto appena duecento giorni, e il salto a 4.400 dollari solo sessanta. Ora di nuovo a 4.000. What&#8217;s next?</p><p>Non &#232; pi&#249; solo un asset rifugio, ma una variabile geopolitica, un segnale dei tempi e una bussola per orientarsi nel caos monetario che stiamo vivendo. I sette grafici che seguono non vanno letti come immagini isolate, ma come capitoli di una stessa storia: <strong>il ritorno dell&#8217;oro al centro del sistema.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h4>1. Gold returns to center stage: metal as a compass for the system</h4><p>The first chart, the most intuitive and perhaps the most deceptive in its apparent simplicity, shows the unstoppable rise of the yellow metal in recent years. The price curve, now familiar to investors, traces the trajectory of an asset that has weathered banking crises, pandemics, wars and rate hikes without losing consistency. <strong>Gold no longer reacts to events: it anticipates them.</strong> Each acceleration tells the story of erosion of confidence in fiat money, each pause reflects the temporary illusion of stability. Market now seems to perceive gold as a moral and monetary compass, capable of measuring the growing distance between real and financial value. Today, more than ever, the precious metal represents the collective memory of a system in search of anchors.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic" width="1456" height="798" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:798,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:57069,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f9GF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6bce374-59e9-490b-9449-0b2b6c2b42c7_1488x816.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Gold no longer reacts to events: it anticipates them | goldprice.org</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>1. L&#8217;oro torna protagonista: il metallo come bussola del sistema</strong></h4><p>Il primo grafico, quello pi&#249; intuitivo e forse pi&#249; ingannevole nella sua apparente semplicit&#224;, mostra l&#8217;ascesa inarrestabile del metallo giallo negli ultimi anni. La curva dei prezzi, ormai familiare agli investitori, disegna la traiettoria di un asset che ha attraversato crisi bancarie, pandemie, guerre e rialzi dei tassi, senza perdere coerenza. <strong>L&#8217;oro non reagisce pi&#249; agli eventi: li anticipa.</strong> Ogni sua accelerazione racconta l&#8217;erosione della fiducia nel denaro fiat, ogni pausa riflette la temporanea illusione di stabilit&#224;. Il mercato sembra ormai percepire l&#8217;oro come una bussola morale e monetaria, capace di misurare la distanza crescente tra il valore reale e quello finanziario. Oggi, pi&#249; che mai, il metallo prezioso rappresenta la memoria collettiva di un sistema in cerca di ancore.</p><div><hr></div><h4>2. The return of flows: global funds rediscover gold</h4><p>The second chart reveals a crucial detail: capital flows to funds investing in physical gold have returned to positive territory after years of disinterest. The phenomenon doesn&#8217;t have characteristics of speculative trading, but rather those of a structural recomposition of global portfolios. Large managers, central banks and institutional investors seem to be reconsidering the strategic role of the metal, not as a tactical hedge, but as a core asset. In a context of persistent inflation, falling real yields and geopolitical uncertainty, gold is returning to what it has always been: the currency of those who don&#8217;t need to trust anyone. The silent but steady flows signal a change of regime. Gold is no longer a niche asset: it is back in the mainstream.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg" width="1240" height="944" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/acaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:944,&quot;width&quot;:1240,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:95893,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TJak!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Facaa0c1e-ede8-4bdf-9db4-eac3f89645a5_1240x944.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The Golden Years is back | Bloomberg</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>2. Il ritorno dei flussi: i fondi globali riscoprono l&#8217;oro</strong></h4><p>Il secondo grafico rivela un dettaglio cruciale: i flussi di capitale verso i fondi che investono in oro fisico sono tornati positivi dopo anni di disinteresse. Il fenomeno non ha i tratti del trading speculativo, ma quelli di una ricomposizione strutturale dei portafogli globali. I grandi gestori, le banche centrali e gli investitori istituzionali sembrano riconsiderare il ruolo strategico del metallo, non come copertura tattica, ma come asset core. In un contesto di inflazione persistente, rendimenti reali in calo e incertezza geopolitica, l&#8217;oro torna a essere ci&#242; che &#232; sempre stato: la valuta di chi non ha bisogno di fidarsi di nessuno. I flussi, silenziosi ma continui, segnalano un cambio di regime. L&#8217;oro non &#232; pi&#249; una nicchia: &#232; tornato mainstream.</p><div><hr></div><h4>3. Physical demand rises: gold leaves London&#8217;s vaults</h4><p>The third chart shows a lesser-known but highly significant phenomenon: <strong>transfer of physical gold from Western warehouses to emerging markets.</strong> For decades, London was the nerve center of the global gold market, the place that set prices and held reserves, but in recent years centrality has been eroding. A growing proportion of the gold registered in London is being withdrawn and transferred to Poland, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and China (more on this later, ed.), where demand is real, not financial. This shift is not only logistical: it is symbolic. It represents the shift in the global economic center of gravity from a system based on derivatives and futures to one based on physical delivery and actual ownership. In other words, gold is returning to where it is considered a value, not a hedge.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic" width="1206" height="776" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:776,&quot;width&quot;:1206,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:47109,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sCp2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33fbdd6d-af99-413d-ad36-ae318c25630f_1206x776.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Emerging market countries are top gold buyers | Bloomberg</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>3. La domanda fisica sale: l&#8217;oro lascia i caveau di Londra</strong></h4><p>Il terzo grafico mostra un fenomeno meno noto ma di grande importanza: <strong>il trasferimento di oro fisico dai magazzini occidentali verso i mercati emergenti.</strong> Per decenni, Londra &#232; stata il centro nevralgico del mercato aurifero mondiale, la piazza che decideva i prezzi e custodiva le riserve, ma da qualche anno quella centralit&#224; si sta erodendo. Una parte crescente dell&#8217;oro registrato a Londra viene ritirata e trasferita verso Polonia, Kazakistan, Turchia e Cina (ne parleremo pi&#249; avanti, ndr), dove la domanda &#232; reale, non finanziaria. Questo spostamento non &#232; solo logistico: &#232; simbolico. Rappresenta lo spostamento del baricentro economico globale, dal sistema basato su derivati e futures a uno basato su consegne fisiche e propriet&#224; effettiva. In altre parole, l&#8217;oro sta tornando l&#224; dove viene considerato valore, non copertura.</p><div><hr></div><h4>4. The Asian market accelerates: China leads the new cycle</h4><p>The fourth chart introduces the real turning point in this cycle: China as the engine of global gold accumulation. In recent years, Beijing has encouraged the purchase of gold not only by central bank, but also by households and businesses. The metal has entered balance sheets, savings plans and industrial strategies. Data from Swiss refineries and Hong Kong customs confirm a steady flow of bullion to China, where physical demand remains insatiable. This behavior has a clear strategic significance: <strong>gold is a hedge against dollar volatility and a bridge to the credibility of the yuan.</strong> China is not accumulating gold to protect itself: it is doing so to build the foundations of its future monetary architecture.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic" width="1284" height="1200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1200,&quot;width&quot;:1284,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:140226,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I-tF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33691f3e-d6e0-4db2-bce6-b26fafa2030f_1284x1200.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>China is investing in gold and selling treasuries | Jason Smith</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>4. Il mercato asiatico accelera: la Cina guida il nuovo ciclo</strong></h4><p>Il quarto grafico introduce la vera svolta di questo ciclo: la Cina come motore dell&#8217;accumulazione globale di oro. Negli ultimi anni, Pechino ha incentivato l&#8217;acquisto di oro non solo da parte della banca centrale, ma anche di famiglie e imprese. Il metallo &#232; entrato nei bilanci, nei piani di risparmio, nelle strategie industriali. I dati delle raffinerie svizzere e delle dogane di Hong Kong confermano un flusso costante di lingotti verso la Cina, dove la domanda fisica resta insaziabile. Questo comportamento ha un chiaro significato strategico: <strong>l&#8217;oro &#232; la copertura contro la volatilit&#224; del dollaro e il ponte verso la credibilit&#224; dello yuan.</strong> La Cina non accumula oro per proteggersi: lo fa per costruire le fondamenta della sua futura architettura monetaria.</p><div><hr></div><h4>5. Shanghai Gold Warrants: the curve tells the story of new order</h4><p>The fifth chart best illustrates the depth of the change. It shows the vertical explosion of <em>Shanghai Gold Warrants</em>, <strong>digital certificates representing ownership of physical gold held at the Shanghai Futures Exchange.</strong> Shanghai gold warrants are rising due to a combination of record demand for safe-haven assets, robust gold purchases by central banks (particularly by the People&#8217;s Bank of China, ed.) and intense price volatility that stimulates investor activity and arbitrage. Behind these numbers lies the emergence of a new real gold market, based on tangible ownership rather than derivative contracts. China is effectively building its own version of the gold clearing system, an alternative to the London one. And this is not a technical detail: it is the premise for a new monetary infrastructure, in which trust is no longer delegated but guaranteed by the metal itself.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic" width="1200" height="900" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HcyO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd8444e35-d90b-4f4e-8e4f-8a61e5988f83_1200x900.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">From Shangai, to the moon | Bianco Research</figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>5. Shanghai Gold Warrants: la curva che racconta il nuovo ordine</strong></h4><p>Il quinto grafico &#232; quello che pi&#249; di tutti descrive la profondit&#224; del cambiamento. Mostra l&#8217;esplosione verticale dei <em>Shanghai Gold Warrants</em>, i<strong> certificati digitali che rappresentano propriet&#224; di oro fisico custodito presso la Shanghai Futures Exchange.</strong> I warrant sull&#8217;oro di Shanghai stanno aumentando a causa di una combinazione di domanda record di beni rifugio, robusti acquisti di oro da parte delle banche centrali (in particolare da parte della Banca popolare cinese, ndr) e un&#8217;intensa volatilit&#224; dei prezzi che stimola l&#8217;attivit&#224; degli investitori e l&#8217;arbitraggio. Dietro questi numeri si cela la nascita di un nuovo mercato dell&#8217;oro reale, basato sul possesso tangibile e non su contratti derivati. La Cina sta di fatto costruendo la sua versione del sistema di clearing aurifero, alternativa a quello londinese. E questo non &#232; un dettaglio tecnico: &#232; la premessa per una nuova infrastruttura monetaria, in cui la fiducia non &#232; pi&#249; delegata ma garantita dal metallo stesso.</p><div><hr></div><h4>6. Gold dominates in terms of return and stability in 2025</h4><p>The sixth chart shows a surprising but unequivocal fact: in 2025, <strong>gold was the asset with the best absolute performance</strong> and the best risk-adjusted return among all major global asset classes. With a total return of 53% since the beginning of the year, gold clearly outperformed US equities, emerging markets, and even the technology sector, which had dominated the last decade. Even more significant is the volatility-adjusted return indicator (return/realized volatility): with a value of 3.0, gold ranks well above all other assets, signaling not only directional strength but also stability of movement. In other words, this is not a speculative flare-up, but a solid, sustained, and steady rise. This dynamic is even more interesting when you consider that bond yields have been moving in uncertain territory, the dollar has lost ground, and Western stock markets have begun to show signs of saturation.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic" width="850" height="744" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:744,&quot;width&quot;:850,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:68300,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y_tB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F861b02c6-48ba-44a2-bcf4-e5014d780276_850x744.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Gold still best in 2025 but look at Emerging Markets | FactSet</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>6. L&#8217;oro domina per rendimento e stabilit&#224; nel 2025</strong></h4><p>Il sesto grafico mostra un dato tanto sorprendente quanto inequivocabile: nel 2025, <strong>l&#8217;oro &#232; stato l&#8217;asset con la migliore performance assoluta</strong> e il miglior rendimento corretto per il rischio tra tutte le principali classi di investimento globali. Con un total return del 53% da inizio anno, l&#8217;oro ha superato nettamente l&#8217;azionario americano, i mercati emergenti e persino il settore tecnologico, che pure aveva dominato l&#8217;ultimo decennio. Ancora pi&#249; significativo &#232; l&#8217;indicatore di rendimento aggiustato per la volatilit&#224; (return/realized volatility): con un valore di 3.0, l&#8217;oro si colloca ben al di sopra di tutti gli altri asset, segnalando non solo forza direzionale, ma anche stabilit&#224; del movimento. Questa dinamica &#232; ancor pi&#249; interessante se si considera che i rendimenti obbligazionari si sono mossi in territorio incerto, il dollaro ha perso terreno e le borse occidentali hanno iniziato a mostrare segni di saturazione.</p><div><hr></div><h4>7. Central banks are returning to gold</h4><p>The last chart closes the circle with a signal that goes beyond the market and touches on the monetary sphere: <strong>gold reserves of central banks (excluding the United States) have returned to their highest levels in over thirty years.</strong> After a long decline that began in the 1980s, when confidence in the dollar and government bonds seemed sufficient to guarantee systemic stability, the share of gold held as reserves has returned to strong growth. Today, the percentage of global reserves allocated to gold is once again approaching 30%, a level not seen since the immediate aftermath of the end of Bretton Woods. This is not an escape from the system, but a silent realignment of its pillars: a slow return to substance in an era dominated by leverage and digital trust.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic" width="1422" height="1049" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1049,&quot;width&quot;:1422,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:55607,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/176810663?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cJJd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2cc5362a-99cf-445b-a533-055b8e85ba24_1422x1049.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Gold now accounts for over 20 % of global central bank reserves, the highest share we&#8217;ve seen in nearly three decades | FT</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>7. Le banche centrali stanno tornando all&#8217;oro</strong></h4><p>L&#8217;ultimo grafico chiude il cerchio con un segnale che va oltre il mercato e tocca la sfera monetaria: <strong>le riserve auree delle banche centrali (esclusi gli Stati Uniti) sono tornate ai massimi da oltre trent&#8217;anni.</strong> Dopo un lungo declino iniziato negli anni Ottanta, quando la fiducia nel dollaro e nelle obbligazioni governative sembrava sufficiente a garantire stabilit&#224; sistemica, la quota di oro detenuta come riserva &#232; tornata a crescere in modo deciso. Oggi, la percentuale di riserve mondiali allocate in oro si avvicina di nuovo al 30%, un livello che non si vedeva dai tempi immediatamente successivi alla fine di Bretton Woods. Non &#232; una fuga dal sistema, ma un riassetto silenzioso dei suoi pilastri: un lento ritorno alla sostanza in un&#8217;epoca dominata dalla leva e dalla fiducia digitale.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Conclusion: the role of gold in future portfolios</h4><p>The return of gold to the center of global strategies is not just an emotional or cultural reflex: it is a rational response to a hyper-indebted, fragile and increasingly polarized financial system. Its value today is measured not only in dollars per ounce, but in its ability to represent a form of financial independence. For those building diversified portfolios, gold remains a pillar of balance. In this sense, the <strong><a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-i-build-my-investment-portfolio">Permanent Portfolio</a></strong>, with its logic of balancing stocks, bonds, cash, and gold, offers an interesting starting point. Not as dogma, but as a flexible architecture capable of adapting to the cycles of economic history. Within that structure, gold continues to play its original role: not as a gamble, but as a foundation.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic" width="1456" height="1038" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9zXD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe152911c-8e07-4503-b868-9aebc7036359_1719x1225.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The golden years could continue, according to Crescat Capital | Tavi Costa</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4><strong>Conclusione: il ruolo dell&#8217;oro nei portafogli del futuro</strong></h4><p>Il ritorno dell&#8217;oro al centro delle strategie globali non &#232; soltanto un riflesso emotivo o culturale: &#232; una risposta razionale a un sistema finanziario iperindebitato, fragile e sempre pi&#249; polarizzato. Il suo valore oggi non si misura solo in dollari per oncia, ma nella sua capacit&#224; di rappresentare una forma di indipendenza patrimoniale. Per chi costruisce portafogli diversificati, l&#8217;oro resta un pilastro di equilibrio. In questo senso, il <strong><a href="https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-i-build-my-investment-portfolio">Portafoglio Permanente</a></strong>, con la sua logica di bilanciamento tra azioni, obbligazioni, liquidit&#224; e oro, offre un punto di partenza interessante. Non come dogma, ma come architettura flessibile, capace di adattarsi ai cicli della storia economica. L&#8217;oro, all&#8217;interno di quella struttura, continua a svolgere il suo ruolo originario: non quello di scommessa, ma di fondamento.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Where Trust Meets Advice]]></title><description><![CDATA[A journey that begins with listening and grows in trust, because every financial choice tells a story]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/where-trust-meets-advice</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/where-trust-meets-advice</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 2025 05:30:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/149f5c0f-c3c7-48cb-8414-16ba43ef0a86_5568x3712.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are moments in our lives when we need to stop, look inside ourselves, and choose which side to be on.</p><p>I believe that my profession as a <em>Financial Advisor</em> requires me to make this choice every day because it is not just a job, but an act of responsibility towards those who entrust me with the most precious thing they have after life itself: <strong>trust.</strong></p><p>Over the years, I have learned that money is never just a number for people. Behind every savings account there are stories, sacrifices, hopes, disappointments and plans. There is a young man who dreams of the trip of a lifetime, a father who puts something aside for his children&#8217;s future, a mother who dreams of serenity, an entrepreneur who seeks balance after a life of risks.</p><p>When you look closely, <strong>finance is made up of people</strong>, not numbers and perhaps this is what many have forgotten over time.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xtg0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1aa44adf-bfd7-4ccf-8fcf-2ceb06fdfc68_6000x4000.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em><strong>Trust mistaken for formality, competence disguised as glossy charts</strong></em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ci sono momenti nella vita di ciascuno di noi, in cui &#232; necessario fermarsi, guardarsi dentro e scegliere da che parte stare.</p><p>Io credo che la mia professione, quella del <em>Consulente Finanziario</em>, imponga questa scelta ogni giorno perch&#233; non &#232; soltanto un lavoro, ma un atto di responsabilit&#224; verso chi ti affida la cosa pi&#249; preziosa che ha dopo la vita stessa: <strong>la fiducia.</strong></p><p>Negli anni ho imparato che il denaro per le persone, non &#232; mai soltanto una cifra. Dietro ogni risparmio ci sono storie, sacrifici, speranze, delusioni, progetti. C&#8217;&#232; un ragazzo che sogna il viaggio di una vita, un padre che mette da parte qualcosa per il futuro dei figli, una madre che sogna la serenit&#224;, un imprenditore che cerca equilibrio dopo una vita di rischi.</p><p><strong>La finanza &#232; fatta di persone </strong>quando la si guarda da vicino, non di numeri e forse &#232; proprio questo che col tempo molti hanno dimenticato.</p><div><hr></div><h4>&#129309; The culture of ethics, before profit</h4><p>We live in an age where consulting has become an overused, worn-out and often debased term: everyone calls themselves a consultant, but few truly take on the responsibility of being one. Too many have mistaken trust for a signature on a form, competence for a glossy brochure, and relationships for an algorithm. Thus, our profession, which once represented a point of reference, has become a source of mistrust for many.</p><p>I don&#8217;t judge those who have surrendered to this system, but I have chosen another path, that of remaining true to myself and representing first and foremost my person and my ethics, alongside my name. Because, even before the bank that I have the honor and pride of representing today, there is me, with my face, my voice and my choices. For me this is not a negligible detail.</p><p>When I started writing, I realized that finance could be described in a different way, not as an arena of judgment or commentary of the day after, but as a language that speaks of life, time and choices. Every article, analysis and reflection was born and still is born with a specific intent: <strong>to restore ethical value to knowledge</strong>, because knowledge, when used conscientiously, becomes freedom.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YkMn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14d3693b-985b-400c-b00e-c774aa52b9c6_5500x3366.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YkMn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14d3693b-985b-400c-b00e-c774aa52b9c6_5500x3366.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YkMn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14d3693b-985b-400c-b00e-c774aa52b9c6_5500x3366.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YkMn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14d3693b-985b-400c-b00e-c774aa52b9c6_5500x3366.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YkMn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14d3693b-985b-400c-b00e-c774aa52b9c6_5500x3366.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YkMn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14d3693b-985b-400c-b00e-c774aa52b9c6_5500x3366.heic" width="1456" height="891" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em><strong>Every story, need and dream deserves respect of the Financial Advisor</strong></em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>&#129309; La cultura dell&#8217;etica, prima del profitto</h4><p>Viviamo in un&#8217;epoca dove la consulenza &#232; diventata un termine abusato, consumato, spesso svilito: tutti si definiscono consulenti, ma pochi si assumono davvero il peso di esserlo. In troppi hanno scambiato la fiducia per una firma su un modulo, la competenza per una brochure patinata, la relazione per un algoritmo. Cos&#236; la nostra professione, quella che un tempo rappresentava un punto di riferimento, &#232; diventata per molti motivo di diffidenza.</p><p>Non giudico chi si &#232; arreso a questo sistema, ma io ho scelto un&#8217;altra strada, ovvero quella di rimanere me stesso e di rappresentare prima di tutto la mia persona e la mia etica, affiancata al mio nome. Perch&#233;, prima ancora della banca che oggi ho l&#8217;onore e l&#8217;orgoglio di rappresentare, ci sono io, con la mia faccia, la mia voce e le mie scelte. E questo per me non &#232; un dettaglio trascurabile.</p><p>Quando ho iniziato a scrivere ho capito che la finanza poteva essere raccontata in modo diverso, non come l&#8217;arena del giudizio, n&#233; il commento del giorno dopo, bens&#236; come un linguaggio che parla della vita, del tempo e delle scelte. Ogni articolo, analisi e riflessione, nasceva e nasce ancora con un intento preciso: <strong>restituire alla conoscenza un valore etico</strong>, perch&#233; la conoscenza, se usata con coscienza, diventa libert&#224;.</p><div><hr></div><h4>&#127911; The power of listening</h4><p>Today, in my new role as a <em>Financial Advisor</em>, I bring with me precisely this background: curiosity of someone who studies markets not to dominate but to understand them. And the awareness <strong>true competence is not about knowing everything, but knowing how to listen.</strong> Listening to people, their questions and their fears.</p><p>For me, being a <em>Financial Advisor</em> doesn&#8217;t mean proposing a product, but building a path. It does not mean &#171;selling&#187;, but sharing a method. It means learning to say no when necessary and having the courage not to seek approval at all costs. Above all, <strong>it means standing tall</strong> in the face of imposed decisions, those go against the grain, and especially those are unfair.</p><p>Over the years, I have heard stories of disappointed, angry and disillusioned clients. We have all made mistakes, some more serious than others, we have fallen and got back up, or simply believed those who advised us. Every time I hear such stories, I realize how important it is, now more than ever, <strong>to restore dignity to this profession.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OJel!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28b7f5c7-0992-4df5-bed6-d34474fac729_5616x3744.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em><strong>The art of listening is the key to a healthy relationship</strong></em></figcaption></figure></div><h4>&#127911; Il potere dell&#8217;ascolto</h4><p>Oggi, in questo nuovo ruolo da <em>Consulente Finanziario</em>, porto con me proprio questo bagaglio: la curiosit&#224; di chi studia i mercati non per dominarli, ma per comprenderli. E la consapevolezza che <strong>la vera competenza non &#232; sapere tutto, ma saper ascoltare. </strong>Ascoltare le persone, le loro domande e le loro paure.</p><p>Essere <em>Consulente Finanziario</em> per me non significa proporre un prodotto, ma costruire un percorso. Non significa &#171;vendere&#187;, ma condividere un metodo. Significa imparare a dire no quando serve e avere il coraggio di non rincorrere il consenso a tutti i costi. Significa, soprattutto, <strong>avere la schiena dritta</strong> davanti alle decisioni imposte, a quelle contro-corrente e soprattutto a quelle ingiuste.</p><p>Mi &#232; capitato, in questi anni, di ascoltare storie di clienti delusi, arrabbiati, disillusi. Tutti abbiamo commesso errori, pi&#249; o meno gravi, siamo caduti e ci siamo rialzati o semplicemente abbiamo creduto a chi ci consigliava. Ogni volta che sento racconti cos&#236; mi rendo conto di quanto sia importante, oggi pi&#249; che mai, <strong>ridare dignit&#224; a questo mestiere.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h4>&#128218; The first step toward planning your financial future</h4><p>Consulting can still be considered a mission if done honestly, a meeting place if done with empathy and act of love towards those who entrust you with their security, if done responsibly. My goal today is <strong>to rebuild a bridge of trust</strong> and I want to do so with patience, transparency and respect. I want to do this by putting into practice everything I have learned and continue to learn every day: studying the markets, knowing the products, but also having the sensitivity of someone who knows behind every portfolio there is a person with their own story. Working in the client&#8217;s best interests is not a slogan, but an ethical principle that precedes every operational decision. It means truly putting the client at the center, not just for the sake of rhetoric.</p><p><strong>&#10060; If a product is not suitable, it must be discarded; if a risk is not understood, it must be explained; if a goal is not realistic, it must be redesigned.</strong></p><p>And if there is one thing I bring with pride to this new phase, it is precisely this vision: that of an advisor who doesn&#8217;t hide behind numbers, but puts them at the service of people. Today, through my profession, I have the opportunity to put all this into practice in a context of value, transparency and solidity. But before any bank, there is always the person and it is the person who, in my opinion, makes the difference between ordinary advice and <em><strong>authentic Financial Advice</strong></em><strong>.</strong></p><p>That is why I present myself in this way, with simplicity and sincerity. Not as one of many, but as someone who has chosen to give deep meaning to what he does. Those who read my posts on DTI know that I don&#8217;t like shortcuts or easy truths. I prefer doubt to superficiality, hard work to slogans, transparency to compromise. My door, both virtual and real, is open to those who share this vision, to those who believe that finance can still be a means of improving life, not complicating it and to those who want to build a solid, consistent and reasoned path.</p><p>&#9989; For those who want to get to know me better, discuss things online or in person, or even just talk to me about how they want to build their financial future, you can do so directly. Simply reply to this email with a simple <strong>&#171;Contact me&#187; (</strong>currently available only to Italian customers) or send me a direct message on <strong><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mirkomilito/">LinkedIn</a>.</strong></p><p>From there, a dialogue, a path and a relationship will begin. Not a sale.</p><p>With esteem and gratitude to those who wish to place their trust in me,</p><h4><em><strong>Mirko Milito</strong></em></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic" width="1456" height="1040" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XDuE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19ffb66a-c66c-41f3-b02e-7b3bf23d61ad_4759x3399.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Simplicity, sincerity and transparency are the core values of my work</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>&#128218; Il primo passo verso la pianificazione del tuo futuro finanziario</h4><p>La consulenza pu&#242; essere ancora considerata una missione se fatta con onest&#224;, un luogo d&#8217;incontro se fatta con empatia e un atto d&#8217;amore verso chi ti affida la propria sicurezza, se fatta con responsabilit&#224;. Il mio obiettivo oggi &#232; <strong>ricostruire un ponte di fiducia</strong> e voglio farlo con pazienza, trasparenza e rispetto. Lo voglio fare mettendo in campo tutto ci&#242; che ho imparato e che continuo a imparare ogni giorno: lo studio dei mercati, la conoscenza dei prodotti, ma anche la sensibilit&#224; di chi sa che dietro ogni portafoglio c&#8217;&#232; una persona con la sua storia. Lavorare nell&#8217;interesse del cliente non &#232; uno slogan, bens&#236; un principio etico che precede ogni decisione operativa. Significa mettere il cliente al centro davvero, non per retorica.</p><p><strong>&#10060; Se un prodotto non &#232; adatto, va scartato, se un rischio non &#232; compreso, va spiegato, se un obiettivo non &#232; realistico, va ridisegnato.</strong></p><p>E se c&#8217;&#232; una cosa che porto con orgoglio in questa nuova fase, &#232; proprio questa visione: quella di un consulente che non si nasconde dietro i numeri, ma che li mette al servizio delle persone. Oggi, attraverso la mia professione ho l&#8217;opportunit&#224; di mettere in pratica tutto ci&#242; in un contesto di valore, trasparenza e solidit&#224;. Ma, prima di ogni banca, c&#8217;&#232; sempre l&#8217;uomo, ed &#232; l&#8217;uomo che a mio avviso fa la differenza tra una consulenza qualunque e una <em><strong>Consulenza Finanziaria autentica.</strong></em></p><p>Per questo mi presento cos&#236;, con semplicit&#224; e con sincerit&#224;. Non come uno dei tanti, ma come qualcuno che ha scelto di dare un senso profondo a ci&#242; che fa. Chi mi legge attraverso DTI sa che non amo le scorciatoie, n&#233; le verit&#224; facili. Preferisco il dubbio alla superficialit&#224;, la fatica allo slogan, la trasparenza al compromesso. La mia porta, virtuale e reale, &#232; aperta a chi condivide questa visione, a chi crede che la finanza possa ancora essere un mezzo per migliorare la vita, non per complicarla e a chi desidera costruire un percorso solido, coerente e ragionato.</p><p>&#9989; Per chi vorr&#224; conoscermi meglio, confrontarsi online o di persona o anche solo parlarmi di come desidera costruire il proprio futuro finanziario, potr&#224; farlo in modo diretto. Sar&#224; sufficiente rispondere a questa mail con un semplice: <strong>&#171;Contattami&#187;</strong>, oppure scrivermi un messaggio diretto su <strong><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mirkomilito/">LinkedIn</a></strong>.</p><p>Da l&#236; inizier&#224; un dialogo, un percorso e un rapporto. Non una vendita.</p><p>Con stima e riconoscenza per chi vorr&#224; affidarsi,</p><h4><em><strong>Mirko Milito</strong></em></h4>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How I Build my Investment Portfolio]]></title><description><![CDATA[The Permanent Portfolio is my starting point for building a lifetime-model: simplicity as the highest form of financial intelligence]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-i-build-my-investment-portfolio</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/how-i-build-my-investment-portfolio</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2025 04:30:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9959154e-434a-471b-9410-d77f6046ae2f_6000x4000.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There comes a time in every investor&#8217;s life when they realize that search for the perfect strategy is a never-ending quest. Every new financial fad promises efficiency, returns, diversification and every market cycle gives rise to and then buries theories, gurus and miracle cures. But on closer inspection, <strong>great ideas never grow old.</strong> They remain there, as pillars of common sense and method, reminding us that simplicity is often the highest form of intelligence. &#171;Harry Browne&#8217;s Permanent Portfolio&#187; belongs squarely in this category and is one of those ideas not only works but also teaches.</p><p>This is my starting point with my clients, before designing and building a tailor-made suit for their investment goals.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5ZC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3eba71b-c23e-4e2f-98ee-b816b2e1501b_1200x676.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5ZC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3eba71b-c23e-4e2f-98ee-b816b2e1501b_1200x676.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5ZC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3eba71b-c23e-4e2f-98ee-b816b2e1501b_1200x676.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5ZC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3eba71b-c23e-4e2f-98ee-b816b2e1501b_1200x676.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5ZC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3eba71b-c23e-4e2f-98ee-b816b2e1501b_1200x676.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>25/25/25/25 that&#8217;s the Permanent Portfolio | Satoshi Kambayashi</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>C&#8217;&#232; un momento nella vita di ogni investitore in cui ci si accorge che la ricerca della strategia perfetta &#232; una corsa senza fine. Ogni nuova moda finanziaria promette efficienza, rendimento, diversificazione e ogni ciclo di mercato fa nascere e morire teorie, guru, ricette miracolose. Ma a ben guardare, <strong>le grandi idee non invecchiano mai.</strong> Restano l&#236;, come colonne portanti di buon senso e di metodo, a ricordarci che la semplicit&#224; &#232; spesso la forma pi&#249; alta di intelligenza. Il &#171;Portafoglio Permanente di Harry Browne&#187; appartiene pienamente a questa categoria ed &#232; una di quelle idee che non si limitano a funzionare, ma insegnano.</p><p>E questo &#232; il mio punto di partenza che adotto con i miei clienti, prima di modellare e costruire un vestito su misura per i propri obiettivi di investimento.</p><div><hr></div><h4>The fundamentals of the &#171;Permanent&#187; model</h4><p>Harry Browne was not a manager, academic, or analyst in the conventional sense of term. He was rather a man of thought, an observer of society and economy, gifted with profound lucidity and an almost ethical respect for individual freedom. In the United States of the 1970s, amid runaway inflation, oil crises, and a widespread sense of distrust in economic institutions, Browne asked himself a question that might have seemed naive but turned out to be brilliant: <strong>is it possible to build a portfolio that works all the time, regardless of what happens?</strong></p><blockquote><p>In other words, can an investor be protected, safe and profitable even without being able to predict the future? That question gave rise to the &#171;Permanent Portfolio&#187;, a construct of disarming simplicity but profound, almost philosophical logic.</p></blockquote><p>Browne started from the observation that economic life, after all, moves in large cycles, and general world conditions such as inflation, growth, deflation and crisis tend to repeat themselves, albeit with varying intensity and in different forms. Each phase rewards certain types of investment and penalizes others. <strong>The mistake of the average investor is to believe they can know in advance which phase will come next.</strong> Browne, with disarming humility, chose not to even try. He preferred to build a structure could adapt naturally, like a sail that changes angle with the wind, without the need for constant adjustments. The result was a portfolio divided into four equal parts:</p><ol><li><p><strong>stocks,</strong> which embody growth, confidence in human progress and private initiative;</p></li><li><p><strong>long-term bonds,</strong> which protect the portfolio in times of recession and falling interest rates, when money tends to seek refuge in security;</p></li><li><p><strong>gold,</strong> the universal hedge against inflation, currency collapse and loss of confidence in monetary systems;</p></li><li><p><strong>liquidity,</strong> which represent prudence, immediate availability, and ability to survive in times of panic.</p></li></ol><p>Four instruments, four worlds, four seasons of the economy, each balanced by the other. The genius lay not so much in the choice of instruments themselves as in the way they interacted with each other. When economy was growing and stock markets were booming, 25% invested in equities guaranteed a return. When growth degenerated into inflation, it was gold that protected capital. If, on the other hand, fear took over and interest rates fell, long-term bonds rose in value, offsetting stock losses. And in the darkest moments, when everything seemed to be collapsing, liquidity became the natural refuge.</p><p>It was an almost organic system, in which each part lived in balance with the others. A small financial ecosystem capable of self-regeneration. Browne called it &#171;permanent&#187; not because it was immutable, but because <strong>its logic was independent of fads, economic conditions and forecasts.</strong> Investors no longer had to be seers, but only custodians. All it took was a periodic rebalancing once a year, with the calmness of someone tidying up their drawers, to bring the weight of each component back to 25%. It was an almost Zen-like discipline: selling what had gone up, buying what had gone down, without emotion, without comment, without pretending to know more than the market.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic" width="1125" height="1014" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1014,&quot;width&quot;:1125,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:32841,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/174768518?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eirq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd2f562c-e43f-4af7-81c8-e63f4477f0e9_1125x1014.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>The starting point in building a Permanent Portfolio | Source Unknown</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Le basi del modello &#171;Permanente&#187;</h4><p>Harry Browne non era un gestore, n&#233; un accademico, n&#233; un analista nel senso convenzionale del termine. Era piuttosto un uomo di pensiero, un osservatore della societ&#224; e dell&#8217;economia, dotato di una profonda lucidit&#224; e di un rispetto quasi etico per la libert&#224; individuale. Negli Stati Uniti degli anni Settanta, tra inflazione fuori controllo, crisi petrolifere e un senso diffuso di sfiducia nelle istituzioni economiche, Browne si pose una domanda che avrebbe potuto sembrare ingenua ma che si rivel&#242; geniale: <strong>&#232; possibile costruire un portafoglio che funzioni in ogni momento, indipendentemente da ci&#242; che accade?</strong></p><blockquote><p>In altre parole, pu&#242; un investitore essere protetto, sereno e profittevole anche senza saper prevedere il futuro? Da quella domanda nacque il &#171;<em>Permanent Portfolio</em>&#187;, una costruzione di una semplicit&#224; disarmante ma di una logica profonda, quasi filosofica.</p></blockquote><p>Browne partiva dall&#8217;osservazione che la vita economica, in fondo, si muove per grandi cicli, e che le condizioni generali del mondo quali inflazione, crescita, deflazione, crisi, tendono a ripetersi anche se con intensit&#224; e forme diverse. Ogni fase premia alcuni tipi di investimento e ne penalizza altri. <strong>L&#8217;errore dell&#8217;investitore medio &#232; credere di poter sapere in anticipo quale fase arriver&#224;.</strong> Browne, con disarmante umilt&#224;, scelse di non provarci nemmeno. Prefer&#236; costruire una struttura che fosse in grado di adattarsi naturalmente, come una vela che cambia inclinazione col vento, senza bisogno di correzioni continue. Il risultato fu un portafoglio diviso in quattro parti uguali:</p><ol><li><p><strong>azioni, </strong>che incarnano la crescita, la fiducia nel progresso umano e nell&#8217;iniziativa privata;</p></li><li><p><strong>obbligazioni a lungo termine, </strong>che<strong> </strong>proteggono il portafoglio nei momenti di recessione e di calo dei tassi, quando il denaro tende a rifugiarsi nella sicurezza;</p></li><li><p><strong>oro, </strong>la copertura universale contro l&#8217;inflazione, il crollo delle valute e la perdita di fiducia nei sistemi monetari;</p></li><li><p><strong>liquidit&#224;, </strong>che rappresenta la prudenza, la disponibilit&#224; immediata e la capacit&#224; di sopravvivere nei momenti di panico.</p></li></ol><p>Quattro strumenti, quattro mondi, quattro stagioni dell&#8217;economia, ognuna bilanciata dall&#8217;altra. La genialit&#224; non era tanto nella scelta degli strumenti in s&#233;, quanto nel modo in cui interagivano tra loro. Quando l&#8217;economia cresceva e i mercati azionari correvano, il 25% investito in azioni garantiva rendimento. Quando la crescita degenerava in inflazione, era l&#8217;oro a proteggere il capitale. Se invece la paura prendeva il sopravvento e i tassi d&#8217;interesse scendevano, le obbligazioni a lungo termine salivano di valore, compensando le perdite azionarie. E nei momenti pi&#249; bui, quando tutto sembrava crollare, la liquidit&#224; diventava il rifugio naturale.</p><p>Era un sistema quasi organico, in cui ogni parte viveva in equilibrio con le altre. Un piccolo ecosistema finanziario in grado di auto-rigenerarsi. Browne lo chiam&#242; &#171;permanente&#187; non perch&#233; fosse immutabile, ma perch&#233; <strong>la sua logica era indipendente dalle mode, dalle congiunture e dalle previsioni.</strong> L&#8217;investitore non doveva pi&#249; essere un veggente, ma solo un custode. Bastava un ribilanciamento periodico una volta all&#8217;anno, con la calma di chi mette ordine nei propri cassetti, per riportare il peso di ogni componente al suo 25%. Era una disciplina quasi zen: vendere ci&#242; che era salito, comprare ci&#242; che era sceso, senza emozioni, senza commenti, senza la pretesa di sapere pi&#249; del mercato.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Results and principles behind the &#171;Permanent Portfolio&#187;</h4><p>Historical results have shown this philosophy works. From 1972 to the present, the &#171;Permanent Portfolio&#187; has delivered average annual returns of between 7% and 8%, with low volatility and, above all, much more modest drawdowns than traditional portfolios. In major crises, from the crash of 1987 to the tech bubble of 2000, from the crisis of 2008 to the pandemic, Browne&#8217;s model has always shown surprising resilience: <strong>it didn&#8217;t shine in moments of euphoria, but neither did it collapse in moments of fear.</strong> And that, over time, is what really matters.</p><p>The most fascinating aspect of the Permanent Portfolio, however, is not its numerical performance, but philosophy it embodies. <strong>It is an act of intellectual humility,</strong> a recognition of human limitations in forecasting, an invitation to discipline and patience. Browne argued that personal finance should not be a constant search for prophecies, but a form of self-defense. &#171;<em>Your portfolio should be constructed so that it survives even if you get everything wrong</em>&#187;, he wrote. And this seemingly paradoxical statement contains the key to profound wisdom.</p><p>In a sense, <strong>Permanent Portfolio is the financial version of the principle of anti-fragility:</strong> a system not only withstands shocks, but draws strength from them. Every economic crisis, every geopolitical shock, every inflationary or deflationary cycle becomes an opportunity for another part of the portfolio to shine. It is a structure adapts, breathes, doesn&#8217;t need to predict because it knows how to react.</p><p>Many have tried over time to improve it, to make it more modern, to add a real estate component, to replace liquidity with more profitable monetary instruments, or to modify the weights according to the context. But truth is that any change alters its original spirit. Browne&#8217;s portfolio is not a mathematical mechanism, it is a philosophy of balance, and like any balance, it works precisely because it accepts that it is imperfect.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic" width="1456" height="1010" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JmYO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bfed20f-fe08-483c-b59f-4e0673730341_1880x1304.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>PP: not the best performance, but stability &amp; lower drawdown | Optimized Portfolio</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>I risultati e i principi dietro il &#171;Portafoglio Permanente&#187;</h4><p>I risultati storici hanno dimostrato che quella filosofia funziona. Dal 1972 a oggi, il &#171;Portafoglio Permanente&#187; ha offerto rendimenti medi annui tra il 7% e l&#8217;8%, con una volatilit&#224; contenuta e, soprattutto, con drawdown molto pi&#249; modesti rispetto ai portafogli tradizionali. Nelle grandi crisi, dal crollo del 1987 alla bolla tecnologica del 2000, dalla crisi del 2008 alla pandemia, il modello di Browne ha sempre mostrato una capacit&#224; di tenuta sorprendente: <strong>non brillava nei momenti euforici, ma nemmeno crollava nei momenti di paura. </strong>E questo, nel tempo, &#232; ci&#242; che davvero conta.</p><p>L&#8217;aspetto pi&#249; affascinante del Portafoglio Permanente non &#232; per&#242; la performance numerica, ma la filosofia che incarna. <strong>&#200; un atto di umilt&#224; intellettuale</strong>, un riconoscimento dei limiti umani nella previsione, un invito alla disciplina e alla pazienza. Browne sosteneva che la finanza personale non dovesse essere una continua ricerca di profezie, ma una forma di auto-difesa. &#171;<em>Il tuo portafoglio deve essere costruito in modo da sopravvivere anche se sbagli tutto</em>&#187;, scriveva. E questa frase, apparentemente paradossale, contiene la chiave di una saggezza profonda.</p><p>In un certo senso, <strong>il </strong><em><strong>Permanent Portfolio</strong></em><strong> &#232; la versione finanziaria del principio di antifragilit&#224;:</strong> un sistema che non solo resiste agli urti, ma che ne trae forza. Ogni crisi economica, ogni shock geopolitico, ogni ciclo inflattivo o deflattivo diventa un&#8217;occasione per un&#8217;altra parte del portafoglio di brillare. &#200; una struttura che si adatta, che respira, che non ha bisogno di predire perch&#233; sa reagire.</p><p>Molti hanno tentato nel tempo di migliorarlo, di renderlo pi&#249; moderno, di aggiungervi una componente immobiliare, di sostituire la liquidit&#224; con strumenti monetari pi&#249; redditizi, o di modificare i pesi in funzione del contesto. Ma la verit&#224; &#232; che ogni variazione ne altera lo spirito originario. Il portafoglio di Browne non &#232; un meccanismo matematico, &#232; una filosofia di equilibrio, e come ogni equilibrio, funziona proprio perch&#233; accetta di essere imperfetto.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Browne&#8217;s model applied to modern times</h4><p>Its relevance today is even greater than when it was first conceived. We live in an era of structural uncertainty: parabolic post-pandemic inflation after decades of absence, interest rates recently falling after a period of steady growth and a generation of almost free money, permanent geopolitical tensions, hyper-connected markets vulnerable to collective emotions. In this context, a simple, transparent, understandable and resilient portfolio is a valuable compass.</p><p>For a financial advisor, Browne&#8217;s model can be the fundamental on which to build any more sophisticated architecture. Not as dogma, but as a foundation. It means teaching clients <strong>diversification is not about putting together many different instruments, but instruments behave differently in different economic phases.</strong> It means educating them about consistency, emotional management and understanding their relationship with risk. Whenever markets move violently, the average investor reacts with panic or euphoria. The Permanent Portfolio, on the other hand, forces a different stance: that of someone who knows everything has its place and every phase of the market makes sense within a larger design. It is a way to defuse fear and greed, two forces more than any other ruin long-term results.</p><p>Of course, such a portfolio will never make the investor the star of glossy magazine covers or social media discussions. It will not make them dream of double-digit gains in a few months, but it will give them something much more valuable: <strong>peace of mind.</strong> Knowing that your money is protected, every scenario has been considered, there is no need to chase the latest trend or the latest thematic ETF. It is, after all, a way of restoring finance to its original function: protecting the freedom and time of individual.</p><p>When you look at the simplicity of the Permanent Portfolio, you almost feel like you are looking at a natural principle, like a law of physical equilibrium. Everything that grows too much is offset by what remains stable, and everything that falls too much creates opportunities for what rises again. <strong>It is a continuous cycle of compensation,</strong> a dance between risk and prudence, between growth and protection. And it is precisely this harmony that makes it, paradoxically, &#171;permanent&#187;. Perhaps this is why, more than fifty years later, his lesson resonates even more strongly today. In the world of contemporary finance, where technology accelerates every decision and information flows push towards reactivity, Browne invites us instead to slow down. To build a strategy not on the anxiety of predicting, but on the awareness of resisting.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic" width="501" height="498" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:498,&quot;width&quot;:501,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:24765,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/174768518?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bbsr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb881aff6-8627-4876-8085-a9cbeb8a0911_501x498.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Harry Browne and Permanent Portfolio were ahead of their time. This is literally his prosperity, inflation, deflation &amp; recession | SEI</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Il modello di Browne applicato ai tempi moderni</h4><p>La sua attualit&#224;, oggi, &#232; persino maggiore che ai tempi in cui fu concepito. Viviamo in un&#8217;epoca di incertezza strutturale: inflazione post-pandemica parabolica dopo decenni di assenza, tassi recentemente in discesa dopo una fase di crescita costante e una generazione di denaro quasi gratuito, tensioni geopolitiche permanenti, mercati iper-connessi e vulnerabili alle emozioni collettive. In questo contesto, un portafoglio semplice, trasparente, comprensibile e resiliente rappresenta una bussola preziosa.</p><p>Per un consulente finanziario, il modello di Browne pu&#242; essere la base su cui costruire qualsiasi architettura pi&#249; sofisticata. Non come dogma, ma come fondamento. Significa insegnare al cliente che <strong>la diversificazione non &#232; mettere insieme tanti strumenti diversi, ma strumenti che si comportano diversamente nelle diverse fasi economiche.</strong> Significa educare alla costanza, alla gestione emotiva, alla comprensione del proprio rapporto con il rischio. Ogni volta che i mercati si muovono con violenza, l&#8217;investitore medio reagisce con panico o euforia. Il <em>Permanent Portfolio</em>, invece, costringe a una postura diversa: quella di chi sa che ogni cosa ha un suo posto, e che ogni fase del mercato ha un senso all&#8217;interno di un disegno pi&#249; ampio. &#200; un modo per disinnescare la paura e la cupidigia, le due forze che pi&#249; di ogni altra rovinano i risultati nel lungo periodo.</p><p>Certo, un portafoglio del genere non render&#224; mai l&#8217;investitore il protagonista delle copertine patinate o delle discussioni sui social. Non far&#224; sognare con guadagni a doppia cifra in pochi mesi, ma gli dar&#224; qualcosa di molto pi&#249; prezioso: <strong>la pace mentale.</strong> Sapere che il proprio denaro &#232; protetto, che ogni scenario &#232; contemplato, che non serve correre dietro all&#8217;ultima moda o all&#8217;ultimo ETF tematico. &#200;, in fondo, un modo per restituire alla finanza la sua funzione originaria: proteggere la libert&#224; e il tempo dell&#8217;individuo.</p><p>Quando si osserva la semplicit&#224; del Portafoglio Permanente, si ha quasi la sensazione di trovarsi di fronte a un principio naturale, come una legge di equilibrio fisico. Tutto ci&#242; che cresce troppo viene compensato da ci&#242; che rimane stabile, e tutto ci&#242; che scende troppo crea opportunit&#224; per ci&#242; che risale. <strong>&#200; un ciclo continuo di compensazione</strong>, una danza tra rischio e prudenza, tra crescita e protezione. Ed &#232; proprio questa armonia a renderlo, paradossalmente, &#171;permanente&#187;. Forse &#232; per questo che, a distanza di oltre cinquant&#8217;anni, la sua lezione risuona ancora pi&#249; attuale. Nel mondo della finanza contemporanea, in cui la tecnologia accelera ogni decisione e i flussi informativi spingono verso la reattivit&#224;, Browne ci invita invece alla lentezza. A costruire una strategia non sull&#8217;ansia di prevedere, ma sulla consapevolezza di resistere.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Conclusions and personal reflections</h4><p>Ultimately, the Permanent Portfolio is more than an investment strategy: it is a form of financial education, a school of patience and balance. It is a silent reminder of what really matters: not how much you earn in a year, but how much you manage to keep intact throughout a lifetime of investing. It is a model teaches you to think like a custodian, not a speculator; to defend before attacking; to choose serenity over adrenaline. Harry Browne has left us a legacy needs no updating: its strength lies precisely in its immutability. It is a manifesto of financial freedom, an invitation not to delegate your peace of mind to the forecasts of the day, but to build it on solid, clear and understandable fundamentals. And perhaps, if there is one truth runs through all cycles, it is this: <strong>in finance as in life, simplicity stands the test of time.</strong></p><p>In my daily work as a financial advisor, principle that is fundamental to the Permanent Portfolio is something I recognize, live by, and apply every day, even when I don&#8217;t explicitly mention it. Not because I believe structure should be replicated literally, but because I share its spirit. Every well-constructed portfolio, today as then, is born from a balance between return and protection, between ambition and prudence, between desire to grow and the need to remain solid. After all, what I do with my clients is not very different from what Browne did with his readers (with all due respect, ed.): helping them free themselves from the need to predict and guiding them towards the awareness that strength of an investment lies in its consistency over time, not in the brilliance of the moment.</p><p>When I talk about strategies, markets, scenarios, or portfolio construction on DTI, I never try to propose a definitive truth. Rather, I try to educate people about a method. And Browne&#8217;s method, rational calm, trust in simple principles, discipline that prefers stability to euphoria, is the same you should guide every responsible investment path. <strong>A portfolio should not impress: it should last, it should not amaze but resist.</strong> And it is precisely in this balance between ambition and lucidity the true value of time is built, which is the only truly irreversible capital.</p><p>In a world that is changing at an increasing speed, Harry Browne&#8217;s message remains, for me, a silent beacon: <strong>we cannot predict, but can prepare.</strong> And preparing, in finance as in life, means building solid fundamentals, choosing tools that make sense and giving time its rightful role. This is the ground on which I try to work every day, and it is from this philosophy that my approach to consulting is born, not as a promise of return, but as a project of balance.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic" width="1456" height="914" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PuhJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7a601b-11e1-40ca-9ee9-7300ece3fc9b_1640x1030.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>In finance as in life, simplicity stands the test of time | Quantified Strategies</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Conclusioni e riflessioni personali</h4><p>In definitiva, il Portafoglio Permanente &#232; pi&#249; di una strategia d&#8217;investimento: &#232; una forma di educazione finanziaria, una scuola di pazienza e di equilibrio. &#200; un promemoria silenzioso di ci&#242; che conta davvero: non quanto si guadagna in un anno, ma quanto si riesce a mantenere intatto lungo tutta una vita d&#8217;investimenti. &#200; un modello che insegna a pensare come un custode, non come uno speculatore; a difendere prima ancora di attaccare; a scegliere la serenit&#224; al posto dell&#8217;adrenalina. Harry Browne ci ha lasciato un&#8217;eredit&#224; che non ha bisogno di aggiornamenti: la sua forza sta proprio nella sua immutabilit&#224;. &#200; un manifesto di libert&#224; finanziaria, un invito a non delegare la propria tranquillit&#224; alle previsioni del giorno, ma a costruirla su basi solide, chiare e comprensibili. E forse, se c&#8217;&#232; una verit&#224; che attraversa tutti i cicli, &#232; proprio questa: <strong>nella finanza come nella vita, la semplicit&#224; resiste al tempo.</strong></p><p>Nel mio lavoro quotidiano di consulente finanziario, il principio che sta alla base del Portafoglio Permanente &#232; qualcosa che riconosco, vivo e applico ogni giorno, anche quando non ne parlo esplicitamente. Non perch&#233; io creda che quella struttura debba essere replicata alla lettera, ma perch&#233; ne condivido lo spirito. Ogni portafoglio ben costruito, oggi come allora, nasce dall&#8217;equilibrio tra rendimento e protezione, tra ambizione e prudenza, tra il desiderio di crescere e la necessit&#224; di restare solidi. In fondo, quello che faccio con i miei clienti non &#232; molto diverso da ci&#242; che Browne fece con i suoi lettori (con il dovuto rispetto, ndr): aiutarli a liberarsi dal bisogno di prevedere, e accompagnarli verso la consapevolezza che la forza di un investimento sta nella sua coerenza nel tempo, non nella brillantezza del momento.</p><p>Quando parlo di strategie, di mercati, di scenari o di costruzione di portafogli su DTI, non cerco mai di proporre una verit&#224; definitiva. Cerco, piuttosto, di educare a un metodo. E il metodo di Browne, quella calma razionale, quella fiducia nei principi semplici, quella disciplina che preferisce la stabilit&#224; all&#8217;euforia, &#232; la stessa che dovrebbe guidare ogni percorso di investimento responsabile. <strong>Un portafoglio non deve impressionare: deve durare, non deve stupire ma resistere.</strong> Ed &#232; proprio in questo equilibrio tra ambizione e lucidit&#224; che si costruisce il vero valore del tempo, che &#232; l&#8217;unico capitale davvero irreversibile.</p><p>In un mondo che cambia a velocit&#224; crescente, il messaggio di Harry Browne rimane, per me, un faro silenzioso: <strong>non possiamo prevedere, ma possiamo prepararci.</strong> E prepararsi, in finanza come nella vita, significa costruire basi solide, scegliere strumenti che abbiano senso, dare al tempo il ruolo che gli spetta. &#200; su questo terreno che cerco di lavorare ogni giorno, ed &#232; da questa filosofia che nasce il mio modo di fare consulenza, non come promessa di rendimento, ma come progetto di equilibrio.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Something Is About to Change]]></title><description><![CDATA[An important change, a journey that continues: my new adventure and the future of the blog]]></description><link>https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/something-is-about-to-change</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.daxtradingideas.com/p/something-is-about-to-change</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Mirko Milito]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2025 14:16:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/820b8e3f-39e6-4e20-aed2-9ff6673104e3_6240x4160.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are moments in our lives when we clearly sense that one phase has ended and a new chapter is about to begin. These transitions don&#8217;t always happen quietly: sometimes they are small and almost imperceptible, while other times they manifest themselves with the energy of a radical change, challenging certainties and established habits. What I&#8217;m experiencing today undoubtedly belongs to the latter category.</p><p>In recent days, I shared a very important announcement for my career on <strong><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mirkomilito_sono-felice-e-orgoglioso-di-annunciare-linizio-activity-7373717326594052096-8bwB?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAACiQspAB7gsASwwE3BP1l6bEQNnIe3vhDyE">LinkedIn</a></strong>, a change that not only affects my work but also has a deep impact on me personally. It is a professional upgrade fills me with pride and I will approach with enthusiasm, responsibility, and humility. It is an honor, even more than a challenge, because what is at stake is not only goals or numbers but the trust that so many people will decide to place in me.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LjhQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8fabbd-1bfd-4fd4-8f0a-be7a5423a0e0_6720x4480.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Human beings are lazy and resist change, but it is the first step toward improvement</strong></figcaption></figure></div><p>Ci sono momenti nella vita di ciascuno di noi in cui si percepisce chiaramente che una fase si &#232; conclusa e che un nuovo capitolo sta per iniziare. Non sempre questi passaggi avvengono in silenzio: a volte sono piccoli e quasi impercettibili, altre volte invece si manifestano con l&#8217;energia di un cambiamento radicale, che mette in discussione certezze e abitudini consolidate. Quello che sto vivendo oggi appartiene senza dubbio a questa seconda categoria.</p><p>Negli ultimi giorni ho condiviso su <strong><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mirkomilito_sono-felice-e-orgoglioso-di-annunciare-linizio-activity-7373717326594052096-8bwB?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop&amp;rcm=ACoAACiQspAB7gsASwwE3BP1l6bEQNnIe3vhDyE">LinkedIn</a></strong> un annuncio molto importante per la mia carriera, un cambiamento che non riguarda soltanto il lavoro, ma che sento profondamente anche sul piano personale. &#200; un upgrade professionale che mi riempie di orgoglio e che affronter&#242; con entusiasmo, responsabilit&#224; e umilt&#224;. Un onore, prima ancora che una sfida, perch&#233; in gioco non ci sono soltanto obiettivi o numeri, ma la fiducia che tante persone decideranno di affidarmi.</p><div><hr></div><h4>A path built step by step: the pillars of my approach</h4><p>Those who have been following me for some time already know part of my background. I&#8217;m a Financial Advisor registered with the OCF (licensing in Italy) with over 15 years of experience in business management, strategic consulting and model portfolio construction. I began my professional career in accounting and administration, but over time my curiosity and passion for the markets led me to move increasingly towards stock market analysis and financial planning.</p><p>Over time, I have had the opportunity to work side by side with individuals and SMEs, learning to understand their specific needs, build tailor-made solutions and find a balance between present and the future. It has been, and still is, a journey of continuous study, discipline, and discussion.</p><p>If I had to sum up my method in three words, I would use these:</p><ul><li><p><strong>education</strong>, because I believe that helping people truly understand financial mechanisms is the first step towards making informed choices;</p></li><li><p><strong>strategy</strong>, because improvisation doesn&#8217;t get you very far: you need method, you need a clear vision that is not overwhelmed by fads of the moment;</p></li><li><p><strong>relationship</strong>, because every client is first and foremost a person, with goals, emotions and values that deserve to be listened to and respected.</p></li></ul><p>Financial advice is not just about numbers and charts. Above all, it is a matter of trust, responsibility, and closeness. My goal is to create concrete and lasting value, accompanying those who place their trust in me along a path of growth and financial security.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlPG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78e541f7-dc67-4144-82d4-836562548e5f_3970x2717.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlPG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78e541f7-dc67-4144-82d4-836562548e5f_3970x2717.heic 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlPG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78e541f7-dc67-4144-82d4-836562548e5f_3970x2717.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlPG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78e541f7-dc67-4144-82d4-836562548e5f_3970x2717.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlPG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78e541f7-dc67-4144-82d4-836562548e5f_3970x2717.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GlPG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78e541f7-dc67-4144-82d4-836562548e5f_3970x2717.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Path is the sequence of events in our lives: every choice is a way to improve ourselves and move forward</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Un percorso costruito passo dopo passo: i pilastri del mio approccio</h4><p>Chi mi segue da tempo conosce gi&#224; parte del mio percorso. Sono un Consulente Finanziario iscritto all&#8217;Albo OCF, con oltre 15 anni di esperienza maturata tra gestione aziendale, consulenza strategica e costruzione di portafogli modello. Ho iniziato il mio cammino professionale in ambito contabile e amministrativo, ma col tempo la mia curiosit&#224; e la mia passione per i mercati mi hanno portato a spostarmi sempre pi&#249; verso l&#8217;analisi borsistica e la pianificazione finanziaria.</p><p>Nel tempo ho avuto l&#8217;opportunit&#224; di lavorare fianco a fianco con privati e PMI, imparando a leggere i bisogni specifici di ciascuno, a costruire soluzioni su misura, a trovare equilibrio tra presente e futuro. &#200; stato, ed &#232; tuttora, un percorso fatto di studio continuo, disciplina e confronto.</p><p>Se dovessi racchiudere il mio metodo in tre parole, userei queste:</p><ul><li><p><strong>educazione</strong>, perch&#233; credo che aiutare le persone a capire davvero i meccanismi finanziari sia il primo passo per compiere scelte consapevoli;</p></li><li><p><strong>strategia</strong>, perch&#233; l&#8217;improvvisazione non porta lontano: serve metodo, serve una visione chiara che non si lasci travolgere dalle mode del momento;</p></li><li><p><strong>relazione</strong>, perch&#233; ogni cliente &#232; prima di tutto una persona, con obiettivi, emozioni e valori che meritano ascolto e rispetto.</p></li></ul><p>La consulenza finanziaria non &#232; fatta solo di numeri e grafici. &#200; soprattutto una questione di fiducia, responsabilit&#224; e vicinanza. Il mio obiettivo &#232; creare valore concreto e duraturo, accompagnando chi si affida a me lungo un percorso di crescita e sicurezza patrimoniale.</p><div><hr></div><h4>Why this change is special: a heartfelt Thank You &#9829;&#65039;</h4><p>The new role I&#8217;ve taken on is not just a career advancement. It is the culmination of constant commitment, a way of understanding consulting truly puts people at the center. I decided to accept this challenge because I recognized in it a natural harmony with my values: solidity, vision, competence, seriousness and customer focus.</p><p>I feel this is not just a step along the way, but a life choice. The responsibility is great and I don&#8217;t intend to create fake illusions or make promises that I cannot keep. But one thing is certain: I will give my all, with passion, dedication and respect. At such an important moment, I cannot fail to thank those who have accompanied me this far: colleagues, friends, clients and blog readers. Each, in their own way, has contributed to this journey, with a word of encouragement, a discussion, a gesture of trust. Gratitude is the feeling that accompanies me most these days, along with the desire to repay this support with seriousness and commitment.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1907083,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.daxtradingideas.com/i/174181592?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2QPq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ace1b97-3b92-4a10-be51-4277324d4269_5472x3648.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Thank you to everyone who will follow me in the next challenge</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Perch&#233; questo cambiamento &#232; speciale: un grazie sincero</h4><p>Il nuovo ruolo che ho assunto non rappresenta soltanto un avanzamento di carriera. &#200; il coronamento di un impegno costante, di un modo di intendere la consulenza che mette davvero al centro le persone. Ho deciso di accettare questa sfida perch&#233; ho riconosciuto in essa una naturale sintonia con i miei valori: solidit&#224;, visione, competenza, seriet&#224; e centralit&#224; del cliente.</p><p>Sento che questa non &#232; una semplice tappa, ma una scelta di vita. La responsabilit&#224; &#232; grande, e non intendo n&#233; creare false illusioni n&#233; fare promesse che non potrei mantenere. Ma una cosa &#232; certa: dar&#242; il massimo, con passione, dedizione e rispetto. In un momento cos&#236; importante non posso non ringraziare chi mi ha accompagnato fin qui: colleghi, amici, clienti e lettori del blog. Ognuno, a suo modo, ha contribuito a questo percorso, con una parola di incoraggiamento, un confronto, un gesto di fiducia. La gratitudine &#232; il sentimento che pi&#249; di tutti mi accompagna in questi giorni, insieme alla voglia di ripagare questo sostegno con seriet&#224; e impegno.</p><div><hr></div><h4>What will change for DTI?</h4><p>I know that many of you are asking yourselves: what will happen to the blog articles? Truth is that the new chapter will require a lot of energy and dedication on my part. For this reason, I will no longer be able to guarantee a weekly post, as I have tried to do until now. This doesn&#8217;t mean I will stop writing, far from it: <strong>I will continue to publish articles, analyses and reflections,</strong> but I will do so at a different frequency, without rigid constraints, perhaps at the weekend or when I feel I really have something useful to share. Writing remains an indispensable passion for me, a way to give back what I study and experience daily on the markets. I don&#8217;t intend to abandon it, but to integrate it into a path that is now becoming broader and more demanding.</p><p>&#171;<em>Something Is About to Change</em>&#187; is not just the title of this article. It is the phrase that best describes the moment I&#8217;m going through. Something is changing, or rather, it has already changed. I will face it with the same spirit has guided me until today: with transparency, method and conviction that human relationships, even more than performance, are the true wealth to be cherished.</p><p>Thank you to those who continue to read my articles, write to me and follow this space. I hope that in future articles you will also find ideas, reflections and useful tools to guide you in the world of finance. See you soon, maybe even on your weekends.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic" width="1456" height="971" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OGWu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95acadd3-f9bf-4e6e-8e2f-82bdc5f4901d_3888x2592.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><strong>Writing has never been a duty, but rather an expression, a true passion</strong></figcaption></figure></div><h4>Cosa cambia per DTI?</h4><p>So che molti di voi si stanno ponendo una domanda: cosa succeder&#224; agli articoli del blog? La verit&#224; &#232; che questo nuovo capitolo richieder&#224; da me grande energia e dedizione. Per questo motivo non potr&#242; pi&#249; garantire l&#8217;uscita di un post ogni settimana, come ho cercato di fare finora. Non significa che smetter&#242; di scrivere, tutt&#8217;altro: <strong>continuer&#242; a pubblicare articoli, analisi e riflessioni</strong>, ma lo far&#242; con una frequenza diversa, senza vincoli rigidi, magari nel fine settimana o quando sentir&#242; davvero di avere qualcosa di utile da condividere. Scrivere rimane per me una passione irrinunciabile, un modo per restituire ci&#242; che studio e vivo quotidianamente sui mercati. Non intendo abbandonarla, ma integrarla in un percorso che oggi diventa pi&#249; ampio e impegnativo.</p><p>&#171;<em>Something Is About to Change</em>&#187; non &#232; solo il titolo di questo articolo. &#200; la frase che meglio descrive il momento che sto attraversando. Qualcosa sta cambiando, anzi: &#232; gi&#224; cambiato. Lo affronter&#242; con lo stesso spirito che mi ha guidato fino a oggi: con trasparenza, con metodo, e con la convinzione che i rapporti umani, prima ancora delle performance, siano la vera ricchezza da custodire.</p><p>Grazie a chi continuer&#224; a leggermi, a scrivermi, a seguire questo spazio. Spero che anche nei prossimi articoli possiate trovare spunti, riflessioni e strumenti utili per orientarvi nel mondo della finanza. Ci vediamo presto, magari proprio nei vostri fine settimana.</p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>